| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| PAHs | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| PCBs | Polychlorinated biphenyls |
| BTEX | Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene |
| DBP | Dibutyl phthalate |
| MPTS | 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane |
| APTES | 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane |
| TEOS | Tetraethoxysilane |
| KH-570 | 3-(Methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane |
| 4-NP | 4-Nitrophenol |
| QCM | Quartz crystal microbalance |
| TFs | Quartz crystal tuning forks |
| EQCM | Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance |
| µ-PAD | Microfluidic paper-based analytical device |
| RTP | Room temperature phosphorescence |
| CL | Chemiluminescence |
| ISE | Ion-selective electrode |
| GCE | Glassy carbon electrode |
| CPE | Carbon paste electrode |
| SPE | Screen-printed electrode |
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