Table 2.
The antimicrobial, cytotoxic and other bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Amycolatopsis.
| Activity Types | Compounds | Bioactivities (MIC, μg/mL or IC50, μM) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antimicrobial activities | Kigamicins A–E (1–5) | MRSA (0.03–0.22 μM) | [13] |
| Mutactimycin E (16) | MRSA, S. pneumonia, E. faecium (1–16 μg/mL) | [15] | |
| 7-O-Methyl-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylgenestein (20) and 7-O-α-D-arabinofuranosyl daidzein (21) | C. albicans, E. coli, MRSA, S. aureus, and S. typhi (32–256 μg/mL) | [18] | |
| Pradimicin-IRD (28) | S. agalactiae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (3.15 μg/mL) | [20] | |
| ECO-0501 (42) | MRSA (0.125–0.25 μg/mL) | [24] | |
| Vancoresmycin (48) | MRSA, E. faecium, E. faecalis (0.05 μM) | [25] | |
| Amycolatopsins A, C (49, 51) |
M. bovis (0.4 and 2.7 μM) M. tuberculosis (4.4 and 5.7 μM) |
[26] | |
| Rifamorpholine B (71) | MRSA, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, M. luteus (0.5–4.0 μM) | [29] | |
| Rifamorpholine D (73) | MRSA, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, M. luteus (1.0–8.0 μM) | [29] | |
| Macrotermycin A (75) | B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans (1.0–10 μg/mL) | [29] | |
| Macrotermycin C (77) | B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans (10–25 μg/mL) | [29] | |
| Thiazomycin (84) and thiazomycins A–D (85, 87–89) | S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. pneumonia and their drug-resistant type (0.002–0.06 μg/mL) | [31,32,33,34] | |
| PRG-A, C (98, 100) | MRSA, E. faecalis, M. luteus, B. subtilis (0.72 μM) | [37,38] | |
| PRG-B, D (99, 101) | MRSA, E. faecalis, M. luteus, B. subtilis (5.62–23.37 μM) | [38] | |
| Chloroorienticins A–E (106–110) | S. aureus JC-1 and MRSA (0.2–0.78 μg/mL) | [40] | |
| Vancomycin (113) | S. aureus JC-1 (0.78 μg/mL) and MRSA (1.58 μg/mL) | [40] | |
| MM 47,761 (115) and MM 49,721 (116) | B. subtilis ATCC6633, C. xerosis NCTC9755, M. luteus NCTC8340, S. aureus, S. saprophyticus FL1, S. epidermidis 60137, S. pyogenes CN10, S. agalactiae Hester, S. sanguis ATCC 10556, S. faecalis I (0.5–8 μg/mL) | [41] | |
| Amycophthalazinone A (125) | S. aureus, S. typhi, C. albicans (6.92–13.84 μM) | [18] | |
| Echinosporin (134) | F. oxysporum, F. solani, A. panax, and P. herbarum (32–128 μg/mL) | [47] | |
| 7-deoxyechinosporin (135) | F. oxysporum, F. solani, A. panax, and P. herbarum (32–128 μg/mL) | [47] | |
| Dipyrimicin A (136) | S. cerevisiae, Kocuria rhizophila, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli NIHJ, Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae KB 88 (16–21 mm) | [48] | |
| Siderochelin A (139) | Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus (10–15 mm) | [50] | |
| Epoxyquinomicins A (143) and B (144) | M. luteus IFO3333, M. luteus PCI1001 (3.12–6.25 μg/mL) | [51] | |
| Cytotoxic activity | Kigamicin D (4) | Mouse tumor cell lines LB32T, L-1210, EL-4, P388D1, B16BL6, FS3, Colon26 (0.95 μM) |
[13] |
| 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone (19) | Lung cancer (10.3 µM) Lymphoblastic leukemia cells (16.98 µM) |
[17] | |
| Pradimicin-IRD (28) | HCT-116 (0.8 μM), MM 200 (2.7 μM), MCF-7 (1.55 μM), RPE (1.48 μM) | [20] | |
| Tetrangomycin (33) | HeLa cells (0.27 μM) | [21] | |
| Pd116779 (34) | HeLa cells (0.11 μM) | [21] | |
| Sakyomicin A (39) | HeLa cells (0.56 μM) | [21] | |
| Sakyomicin C (40) | HeLa cells (0.39 μM) | [21] | |
| Amycolatopsins A, B (49, 50) | SW620 (0.08 and 0.14 μM) NCIH-460 (1.2 and 0.28 μM) |
[26] | |
| 3′-O-succinyl-apoptolidin A (52) | H292 cells (0.09 μM) | [27] | |
| 2′-O-succinyl-apoptolidin A (53) | H292 cells (0.08 μM) | [27] | |
| Apoptolidin A (54) | H292 cells (0.02 μM), HeLa cells (0.04 μM) | [27] | |
| Thioamycolamides A, D (93, 96) | HT1080(11.94 and 21.22 μM) HeLa S3(6.53 and 9.34 μM) |
[27] | |
| Valgamicin V (105) | MIA Paca 2, HGC-27, GSS, 5637, NCI-H1650, NB16, ME-180, HSC-490 (6.6–21.6 μM) | [39] | |
| Amycolactam (123) | SNU638 (0.8 μM) HCT116 (2.0 μM) |
[23] | |
| Dipyrimicin A (136) | Hela 3S, HT29, A549, H1299, Panc1, THP-1, Jarkat, HL-60 (3.9–9.4 μM) | [48] | |
| Dipyrimicin B (137) | H1299 cell (6.8 ± 3.3 μM) | [48] | |
| Amycolamycin A (156) | M231 (7.9 μM) | [55] | |
| Other activities | Amexanthomycins A–C (6–8) | Inhibiting human DNA Topo IIα | [14] |
| 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone (19) | Antioxidant Anti-hyperglycemic |
[17] | |
| Rifamycinoside A and B (59–60), 28-Desmethyl-28-hydroxyrifamycin W (61),30-Hydroxyrifamycin W hemiacetal (63), Rifamycin O (67) | Inhibiting human DNA Topo I (50 and 100 μM) | [28] | |
| Rifamycinoside A and B (59–60), 28-Desmethyl-28-hydroxyrifamycin W (61),30-Hydroxyrifamycin W hemiacetal (63), Rifamycin S, O and Z (65, 67 and 68) |
Inhibiting human DNA Topo IIα (50 μM) | [28] | |
| 20-hydroxyrifamycin S (64) | Inducing G2/M phase arrest Causing DNA damage in HCT116 |
[28] | |
| A-102395 (121) | Inhibiting bacterial translocase I (0.01 μM) | [45] | |
| Epoxyquinomicins C (145) and D (146) | Inhibiting type II collagen-induced arthritis | [51] |