TABLE 4.
Lipid mediator levels and specialized pro-resolving to proinflammatory lipid mediator ratios at 30-month follow-up stratified by regression or progression of fibrous and noncalcified plaque
| Low Omega-3 Fatty Acid Index 2.4% [2.3, 2.7] | High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Index 8.4% [8.1, 9.6] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plaque Progression (n = 15) | Plaque Regression (n = 11) | Plaque Progression (n = 5) | P value† | P value‡ | |
| Docosahexaenoic acid metabolomes, pg/ml, median [interquartile range] | |||||
| 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) § | 152.0 [118.1, 298.5] | 252.5 [189.1, 337.5] | 344.3 [321.8, 745.7] | 0.058 | 0.027 |
| Maresin 1 | 24.1 [0.0, 41.3] | 47.0 [27.6, 115.0] | 51.2 [46.3, 124.4] | 0.004 | 0.46 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolomes, pg/ml, median [interquartile range] | |||||
| Resolvin E1 | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 1.1 [0.0, 4.7] | 3.7 [0.0, 7.7] | 0.009 | 0.525 |
| 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) ¶ | 67.5 [42.1, 79.0] | 351.7 [238.9, 471.7] | 341.2 [247.1, 500.1] | 0.001 | 0.69 |
| Arachidonic acid metabolomes, pg/ml, median [interquartile range] | |||||
| Leukotriene B4 | 32.5 [19.2, 76.9] | 19.1 [17.1, 97.9] | 201.5 [0.0, 293.0] | 0.34 | 0.69 |
| Prostaglandin D2 | 4.9 [3.6, 14.8] | 1.9 [0.9, 3.7] | 1.4 [1.3, 6.9] | 0.004 | 1.00 |
| Prostaglandin E2 | 1.7 [0.0, 27.6] | 0.0 [0.0, 8.3] | 1.7 [1.6, 3.1] | 0.43 | 0.38 |
| Specialized pro-resolving to proinflammatory mediator ratios | |||||
| Resolvin E1/ Leukotriene B4 | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.1 [0.0, 0.1] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.005 | 0.39 |
| Resolvin E1/Prostaglandin D2 | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.6 [0.0, 1.9] | 0.3 [0.0, 1.1] | 0.005 | 0.52 |
| Resolvin E1/Prostaglandin E2 | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.1 [0.0, 1.2] | 0.7 [0.1, 3.6] | 0.012 | 0.46 |
| Maresin 1/Leukotriene B4 | 0.1 [0.0, 0.7] | 2.3 [0.5, 2.7] | 0.2 [0.1, 0.4] | 0.009 | 0.063 |
| Maresin 1/Prostaglandin D2 | 1.4 [0.0, 5.0] | 19.9 [11.7, 41.4] | 22.0 [9.2, 34.3] | 0.002 | 0.64 |
| Maresin 1/Prostaglandin E2 | 1.4 [0.0, 16.2] | 12.9 [3.7, 13.0] | 29.5 [15.8, 39.4] | 0.26 | 0.62 |
| 18-HEPE/Leukotriene B4 | 1.5[0.5, 2.7] | 10.8 [2.6, 20.8] | 1.1 [0.4, 2.1] | 0.011 | 0.028 |
| Pathway Analysis | |||||
| (17-HDHA+RvD1+RvD3)/LTB4 | 4.1 [1.6, 6.3] | 10.1 [2.3, 18.4] | 1.9 [1.4, 8.5] | 0.082 | 0.24 |
| (14-HDHA+MaR1)/LTB4 | 1.4 [0.9, 4.6] | 6.2 [2.2, 15.5] | 0.6 [0.5, 0.8] | 0.17 | 0.063 |
| (18-HEPE+RvE1)/LTB4 | 1.5 [0.5, 2.7] | 10.8 [2.7, 20.8] | 1.1 [0.4, 2.1] | 0.009 | 0.028 |
†
P value for high-index regressors compared to low-index progressors with Mann-Whitney U test.
‡
P value for high omega-3 fatty acid index regressors compared to high omega-3 fatty acid index progressors with Mann-Whitney U test.
§
17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid is the downstream product of docosahexaenoic acid and intermediary precursor of resolvin D1 to resolvin D5 and protectin D1.
¶
18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) is the downstream product of eicosapentaenoic acid and intermediary precursor of resolvin E1.