Table 2.

Functional properties of various plant-based mucilage.

Mucilage Source	Functional Property	References
Chia seed mucilage	Stabilizing agent, thickening agent, fat replacer, and emulsifying agent.	[21,56]
Okra seed mucilage	Oil absorption, water absorption, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, and emulsifying capacity.	[65,66]
Tamarind seed mucilage	Water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and solubility.	[13,67]
Flaxseed mucilage	Water holding capacity, thickening agent, gelling agent, emulsifying agent, and foaming agent.	[40,68,69]
Cress seed mucilage	water absorption, Film-forming agent, and gelling agent.	[70]