Table 2.
Summary of NMR interaction studies between porphyrins and PVP.
| Porphyrin (Guest) |
Macromolecule (Host) |
NMR Technique | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ce6 | PVP (MW 25 kDa) |
1H NMR chem. shift perturbation of host 1H NMR spectral appearance of guest |
Ce6 mainly interacts with the hydrophobic vinyl-backbone of PVP Disaggregation upon interaction with PVP |
[161] |
| Ce6 |
PVP (MW 40 kDa) |
1H NMR spectral appearance of guest | Disaggregation upon interaction with PVP | [164] |
| Ce6 SerCe LysCe TyrCe ArgCe Ce6-amino-hexanoic amide |
PVP (MW 10 kDa) |
1H NMR spectral appearance of guest 1H NMR chem. shift titration with host 1H DOSY of host–guest mixture 2D 1H1H NOESY of host–guest mixture |
Disaggregation upon interaction with PVP Determination of binding constant Host and guest have same diffusion properties Identification of host and guest protons in close proximity |
[163] |
| SerCe | PVP (MW 10 kDa) |
T2 relaxation time measurements of host and guest | Change and assimilation of dynamic properties of host and guest Motional restriction of guest |
[163,165] |
| Ce4 | PVP (MW 10 kDa) |
1H NMR spectral appearance of guest 1H NMR chem. shift titration with host 1H DOSY of host–guest mixture |
Disaggregation upon interaction with PVP Determination of binding constant Host and guest have same diffusion properties |
[143] |
| Ce4, SerCe | PVP (MW 10 kDa), HSA, Tf | 1H NMR spectral appearance of guest | PVP-encapsulated guest is protected from protein binding | [143] |
| DMG | PVP (MW 40 kDa) |
1H NMR spectral appearance of guest 1H NMR chem. shift perturbation of host |
Disaggregation upon interaction with PVP Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between host and guest |
[166,167] |
| PPIX, DPIX, HPIX and derivatives | PVP (MW 10 kDa) |
1H NMR spectral appearance of guest | Different extent of disaggregation upon PVP interaction | [165] |
| HPIX, DPIXDS, DPIXDSME | PVP (MW 10 kDa) |
1H NMR chem. shift titration with host 1H DOSY of host–guest mixture T2 relaxation time measurements of host and guest |
Determination of binding curves Host and guest have same diffusion properties Restricted mobility of encapsulated guest |
[165] |
| Fluorinated ZnPc (ZnPcF24) | PVP | 19F NMR spectral appearance of guest | Guest exists as aggregate in PVP | [168] |