Table 4.

Proteins and genes identified as responsible for root traits in crops and Arabidopsis.

Protein Name	Gene Name	Reported Root Trait	References
Phox-associated	TraesCS4B01G114500	Root growth	[43,44]
domain, sorting nexin		development and root
isoform 3		hair growth in Arabidopsis
bHLH-MYC and R2R3-MYB transcription factors N-terminal	TraesCS4B01G114800	Root growth elongation; root hair growth in Arabidopsis, rice; abiotic stress tolerance in wheat	[46,47,48,49,50,51,52,54]
Inositol-1-monophosphatase family protein	TraesCS4A02G163700	Rooting depth initiation and elongation in Arabidopsis	[55]
LRR-RLK	TraesCS4A02G330900	Root length and root hair growth in Arabidopsis	[41,42]
F-box family protein	TraesCS4A02G331000 TraesCS4A02G215800 TraesCS4A02G215700 TraesCS7A02G431600	Root length in Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean; abiotic stress tolerance in different crops	[27,56,57,58,59,60,61,62]
UDP-glucoronosyl and/or UDP-glucosyl transferase	TraesCS4A02G185300 TraesCS4A02G442700	Root length and root mass in rice and canola	[38,39]
Protein kinase; serine–threonine/tyrosine- protein kinase	TraesCS4B01G207500 TraesCS4B01G299900 TraesCS4B01G210600 TraesCS4B01G130700 TraesCS4B01G238700 TraesCS7A02G431500	Root length, root number, root growth in Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean; nutrient stress tolerance	[63,64,65,66,67]
GH3 family, GH3 auxin-responsive promoter	TraesCS7A02G101000	Root growth, development, root length in rice, Arabidopsis; abiotic stress tolerance	[68,69]