Table 2.

Limitations of organoid establishment and potential solutions. The widespread use of organoids may be hindered in some laboratories by lack of expertise, protocols and availability of suitable tissue, and some simple solutions may be possible to overcome these.

Limitations	Potential Solutions
Labour intensive	Development of high-throughput systems
Non-standardized methods	Adaption of standard protocols
Different culture medium between labs	Formulation of commercial media/supplements
Collaboration between distant labs	Improved freezing protocols
Absence of tumour microenvironment	Evolution of co-culture models
Availability of tissue	Increased access to biobanks Use of circulating tumour cells