Table 4.

Association between risk factors in pregnancy and GV.

Risk Factor	GV	p
Family history of diabetes	Total AUC (mmol·day/L) FPG from OGTT (mmol/L)	0.019 * 0.035 *
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)	%TAR	0.054
Weight gain (kg)	%CV	0.030 *
Age (years)	%TIR %TAR AUC above 7.8 mmol/L (mmol·day/L)	0.003 ** 0.003 ** 0.042 * 0.005 **

BMI, body mass index; Total AUC, the area under the interstitial glucose concentration curve for the entire day; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GV, glycaemic variability; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; %TIR, percentage of time in range; %TAR, percentage of time above range; %CV, coefficient of variation; AUC above 7.8 the hyperglycaemic area under the interstitial glucose concentration curve above 7.8 mmol/L normalized for a 24-h period. Non-parametric Spearman’s correlation was utilized to examine relationships between glycaemic control parameters and risk factors in all participants. The significance is set at p < 0.05. p value significance level: * 0.05, ** 0.01, *** 0.001.