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. 2021 Mar 25;22(7):3367. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073367

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Inhibition of the p65 pathway in cellular senescence and proinflammatory activation in MSCs prevents the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEV). (A) Size distribution of sEV from MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin during the induction of cellular senescence models (DDIS and TIS) and (B) proinflammatory activation (PA) using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Data shown the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to calculate the significance, and it was represented as p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. Quantification of the number of particles in (C) MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin during the cellular senescence induction (DDIS and TIS) and (D) PA using an NTA. The graphs shown the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to calculate the significance, and it was represented as p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. NON-Se: proliferative or nonsenescent MSCs, Se: senescent MSCs, TNF-α: MSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha, JSH-23: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with MG-132, Curc.: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with curcumin, nm: nanometer and M:1000.

Inline graphic — Inhibition of the p65 pathway in cellular senescence and proinflammatory activation in MSCs prevents the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEV). (A) Size distribution of sEV from MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin during the induction of cellular senescence models (DDIS and TIS) and (B) proinflammatory activation (PA) using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Data shown the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to calculate the significance, and it was represented as p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. Quantification of the number of particles in (C) MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin during the cellular senescence induction (DDIS and TIS) and (D) PA using an NTA. The graphs shown the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to calculate the significance, and it was represented as p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. NON-Se: proliferative or nonsenescent MSCs, Se: senescent MSCs, TNF-α: MSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha, JSH-23: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with JSH-23, MG-132: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with MG-132, Curc.: senescent (DDIS and TIS) or proinflammatory-activated (TNF-α) MSCs treated with curcumin, nm: nanometer and M:1000.