Table 1.

The most common causes of DGF.

Donor-Related Risk Factors

AKI and hemodynamic instability in ICU

Prolonged cold ischemia time

Graft quality (old age, CKD risk factors)

Donor type (DCD vs. DBD vs. living donor)

Recipient-Related Risk Factors

Surgery

Complex vascular surgery/vascular complications (prolonged warm ischemia time)

Increased BMI, concomitant surgery (e.g., ADPKD nephrectomy)

High immunological risk/rejection

Pre-transplantation oliguria (HD vs. PD; long dialysis vintage vs. pre-emptive)

Pre-transplantation HD/UF session

Perioperative Risk Factors

Peri-operative hypotension/hypovolemia

High CNI blood levels

Abbreviations: DGF, delayed graft function; ICU, intensive care unit; CKD; chronic kidney disease; DCD, donation after circulatory death; DBD, donation after brain death; BMI, body mass index; ADPKD, adult dominant polycystic kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; UF, ultrafiltration; CNI, calcineurin inhibitors.