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. 2021 Apr 3;22(7):3742. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073742

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) under healthy and diseased conditions. The BBB is formed by endothelial cells of the brain capillaries that are connected with tight junctions and supported by the neurovascular unit. Under neurological diseases and in aging, the BBB may undergo modulations affecting its permeability and integrity. Failure in BBB function may lead to a state of brain dyshomeostasis, neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. (Created with BioRender, accessed on 27 January 2021).