Table 3.

Oxidative stress indicators in the kidney homogenate in the experimental groups.

Variables (mg of Protein)	Control	MS	MS + HSL
LPO (MDA nmol)	0.34 ± 0.05	0.56 ± 0.03 ***	0.45 ± 0.05 ††
Carbonylation (ng carbonyls)	0.07 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01 ***	0.08 ± 0.01
NO3− and NO2− (nM)	0.09 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01 †	0.10 ± 0.00 §
GSH (μmol)	0.0014 ± 0.0001	0.0009 ± 0.0001 †	0.0013 ± 0.0000 **
TAC (Trolox nmol)	0.61 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01 †	0.60 ± 0.01
Vit C (μM)	0.021 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.001 *	0.018 ± 0.000 *

Data are mean ± SE, n = 8 each group. Statistically significant at *** p ≤ 0.001 control vs. MS, ^† p ≤ 0.03 control vs. MS, ^§ p ≤ 0.001, MS + HSL vs. MS. ** p = 0.01 MS + HSL vs. MS, * p = 0.05 control MS + HSL vs. MS, ^†† p = 0.01 MS + HSL vs. MS. Abbreviations: MS = metabolic syndrome; MS + HSL = metabolic syndrome plus Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.