Table 1.

Summary statistics

	Treatment (upgraded LED lighting)	Control (‘business-as-usual’ lighting)	p-value
(a) Panel A: demographic variables
Age	36.710 (12.353)	36.455 (11.885)	0.746
Male	0.563 (0.497)	0.560 (0.497)	0.932
White	0.687 (0.464)	0.708 (0.455)	0.476
Black	0.118 (0.323)	0.099 (0.299)	0.366
Asian	0.078 (0.268)	0.091 (0.288)	0.466
Multiple or other race	0.118 (0.323)	0.101 (0.302)	0.426
High school diploma or lower	0.080 (0.271)	0.070 (0.255)	0.556
Some college	0.179 (0.383)	0.266 (0.443)	< 0.01**
College diploma or higher	0.742 (0.438)	0.664 (0.473)	< 0.01**
2019 household income: less than $25,000	0.143 (0.350)	0.127 (0.333)	0.471
2019 household income: $25,000–$34,999	0.113 (0.317)	0.140 (0.347)	0.227
2019 household income: $35,000–$49,999	0.170 (0.376)	0.195 (0.396)	0.332
2019 household income: $50,000–$74,999	0.263 (0.441	0.266 (0.443)	0.895
2019 household income: $75,000–$99,999	0.174 (0.380)	0.142 (0.349)	0.168
2019 household income: more than $100,000	0.137 (0.344)	0.131 (0.338)	0.805
Crime victim (in past 12 months)	0.122 (0.327)	0.125 (0.331)	0.893
Feel safe walking at night (own neighborhood)	0.792 (0.406)	0.770 (0.422)	0.404
Time to finish survey (in seconds)	177.151 (166.159)	167.617 (152.304)	0.357
(b) Panel B: outcome variables
Feel unsafe walking at night (street in photo)	0.290 (0.454)	0.372 (0.484)	< 0.01**
Stay at home because worried about safety	0.218 (0.414)	0.243 (0.429)	0.368
Stay at home because worried about safety or take taxi	0.439 (0.497)	0.461 (0.499)	0.500
# of nights outdoors (per week)	2.748 (1.189)	2.77 (1.864)	0.856

Table presents covariate means and standard errors for the treatment group (the photo featuring LED lighting) and the control group (the photo featuring ‘business-as-usual’ lighting). For each variable, we provide the p-value from a t-test that tests the equality of the group means

Significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01