Table 1.
Treatment (upgraded LED lighting) | Control (‘business-as-usual’ lighting) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
(a) Panel A: demographic variables | |||
Age | 36.710 (12.353) | 36.455 (11.885) | 0.746 |
Male | 0.563 (0.497) | 0.560 (0.497) | 0.932 |
White | 0.687 (0.464) | 0.708 (0.455) | 0.476 |
Black | 0.118 (0.323) | 0.099 (0.299) | 0.366 |
Asian | 0.078 (0.268) | 0.091 (0.288) | 0.466 |
Multiple or other race | 0.118 (0.323) | 0.101 (0.302) | 0.426 |
High school diploma or lower | 0.080 (0.271) | 0.070 (0.255) | 0.556 |
Some college | 0.179 (0.383) | 0.266 (0.443) | < 0.01** |
College diploma or higher | 0.742 (0.438) | 0.664 (0.473) | < 0.01** |
2019 household income: less than $25,000 | 0.143 (0.350) | 0.127 (0.333) | 0.471 |
2019 household income: $25,000–$34,999 | 0.113 (0.317) | 0.140 (0.347) | 0.227 |
2019 household income: $35,000–$49,999 | 0.170 (0.376) | 0.195 (0.396) | 0.332 |
2019 household income: $50,000–$74,999 | 0.263 (0.441 | 0.266 (0.443) | 0.895 |
2019 household income: $75,000–$99,999 | 0.174 (0.380) | 0.142 (0.349) | 0.168 |
2019 household income: more than $100,000 | 0.137 (0.344) | 0.131 (0.338) | 0.805 |
Crime victim (in past 12 months) | 0.122 (0.327) | 0.125 (0.331) | 0.893 |
Feel safe walking at night (own neighborhood) | 0.792 (0.406) | 0.770 (0.422) | 0.404 |
Time to finish survey (in seconds) | 177.151 (166.159) | 167.617 (152.304) | 0.357 |
(b) Panel B: outcome variables | |||
Feel unsafe walking at night (street in photo) | 0.290 (0.454) | 0.372 (0.484) | < 0.01** |
Stay at home because worried about safety | 0.218 (0.414) | 0.243 (0.429) | 0.368 |
Stay at home because worried about safety or take taxi | 0.439 (0.497) | 0.461 (0.499) | 0.500 |
# of nights outdoors (per week) | 2.748 (1.189) | 2.77 (1.864) | 0.856 |
Table presents covariate means and standard errors for the treatment group (the photo featuring LED lighting) and the control group (the photo featuring ‘business-as-usual’ lighting). For each variable, we provide the p-value from a t-test that tests the equality of the group means
Significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01