Table 3.
Sensitivity analyses for the effects of physical exercise on three HRQOL domains in office workers.
| Study Omitted | General HRQOL Domain | Physical HRQOL Domain | Mental HRQOL Domain | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | Pooled SMD (95% CI) | k | Pooled SMD (95% CI) | k | Pooled SMD (95% CI) | |
| Leave-one-out analysis | ||||||
| Randomized controlled trial | ||||||
| Almhdawi et al. [34] | 21 | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.49) | 17 | 0.16 (−0.09 to 0.41) | 20 | 0.45 (0.21 to 0.69) |
| Shariat et al. [35]—Exercise therapy | 21 | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.27) | – | – | – | – |
| Shariat et al. [35]—Modified protocol | 21 | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.26) | – | – | – | – |
| Hunter et al. [36] | 21 | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.55) | 17 | 0.22 (−0.07 to 0.51) | 20 | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.71) |
| Caputo et al. [37]—Neck and shoulder resistance exercises | – | – | 17 | 0.20 (−0.06 to 0.46) | 20 | 0.43 (0.18 to 0.67) |
| Caputo et al. [37]—Stretching and postural exercises | – | – | 17 | 0.20 (−0.06 to 0.46) | 20 | 0.42 (0.18 to 0.67) |
| Choi et al. [38] | 21 | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.49) | 17 | 0.19 (−0.07 to 0.45) | 20 | 0.45 (0.20 to 0.69) |
| Kaeding et al. [39] | – | – | 17 | 0.19 (−0.07 to 0.45) | 20 | 0.42 (0.18 to 0.67) |
| Lee et al. [40] | 21 | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.51) | 17 | 0.23 (−0.03 to 0.48) | 20 | 0.44 (0.19 to 0.68) |
| Suni et al. [41] | 21 | 0.99 (0.61 to 1.38) | – | – | – | – |
| Bang et al. [42] | 21 | 1.07 (0.67 to 1.47) | – | – | – | – |
| Taylor et al. [43]—Booster break | – | – | 17 | 0.27 (0.03 to 0.51) | 20 | 0.40 (0.16 to 0.65) |
| Taylor et al. [43]—Computer-prompt | – | – | 17 | 0.25 (0.0005 to 0.50) | 20 | 0.39 (0.15 to 0.64) |
| Tunwattanapong et al. [44] | – | – | 17 | 0.19 (−0.07 to 0.45) | 20 | 0.44 (0.20 to 0.69) |
| Sihawong et al. [45] | – | – | 17 | 0.20 (−0.06 to 0.46) | 20 | 0.44 (0.20 to 0.69) |
| Cheema et al. [46] | – | – | 17 | 0.21 (−0.05 to 0.47) | 20 | 0.45 (0.20 to 0.69) |
| del Pozo-Cruz et al. [47] | 21 | 1.10 (0.68 to 1.53) | – | – | – | – |
| Irmak et al. [48] | 21 | 1.10 (0.70 to 1.50) | 17 | 0.21 (−0.05 to 0.47) | 20 | 0.43 (0.18 to 0.67) |
| Skoglund et al. [49] | 21 | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.50) | 17 | 0.22 (−0.05 to 0.48) | 20 | 0.41 (0.17 to 0.66) |
| Salo et al. [50]—Endurance training | 21 | 0.89 (0.53 to 1.24) | – | – | – | – |
| Salo et al. [50]—Strength training | 21 | 0.88 (0.53 to 1.23) | – | – | – | – |
| Quasi-experimental study | ||||||
| Holzgreve et al. [51] | 21 | 1.13 (0.72 to 1.53) | 17 | 0.24 (−0.03 to 0.50) | 20 | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.69) |
| Genin et al. [52]—Active group | 21 | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.52) | – | – | 20 | 0.44 (0.19 to 0.70) |
| Genin et al. [52]—Inactive group | 21 | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.51) | – | – | 20 | 0.45 (0.20 to 0.70) |
| Sano et al. [53] | 21 | 1.06 (0.66 to 1.45) | – | – | 20 | 0.43 (0.18 to 0.67) |
| Mainsbridge et al. [54] | 21 | 1.02 (0.63 to 1.42) | 17 | 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.29) | 20 | 0.35 (0.14 to 0.57) |
| Chikuji et al. [55] | 21 | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.50) | 17 | 0.20 (−0.06 to 0.46) | 20 | 0.44 (0.19 to 0.68) |
| Observational study | ||||||
| Arslan et al. [56] | 21 | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.50) | 17 | 0.19 (−0.08 to 0.45) | 20 | 0.34 (0.15 to 0.53) |
| Wonglertwisawakorn [55] | 21 | 1.12 (0.70 to 1.55) | – | – | – | – |
| Iiada et al. [58] | 21 | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.51) | – | – | – | – |
| Influence analysis | ||||||
| Shariat et al. [35], Salo et al. [50] | 18 | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.70) | – | – | – | – |
| Mainsbridge et al. [54] | – | – | 17 | 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.29) | – | – |
| Arslan et al. [56] | – | – | – | – | 20 | 0.34 (0.15 to 0.53) |
HRQOL = health-related quality of life; k = number of comparisons; SMD = standardized mean difference; CI = confidence interval; – = unavailable data.