Table 2.

Surrogates for wearable measurement in heart failure.

HF Parameter	Method	Device
Thoracic fluid	Thorax impedance measurement, remote dielectric sensing, seismocardiography	Patch, vest, smart shirt
Activity	Pedometers, accelerometers,	Patch, wrist band, smart watch, smart shirt
Blood pressure	Sphygmomanometer	Smart watch, wristband
Body Weight	Body weight measurement	Smart socks, scale
NYHA functional class	Questionnaires, applications	Smart phone, tablet
QoL	Questionnaires, applications	Smart phone, tablet
Heart rate, heart rhythm	ECG, PPG	Smart watch, wrist band, patch, chest band, smart shirt

ECG, electrocardiogram; HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PPG, photoplethysmography; QoL, quality of life.