Table 2. Conditions needed for MSC differentiation into different cell types.

TGF: Transforming growth factor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell.

Cell type	Conditions
Chondrocyte	Requires TGF-beta, a nutrient medium which does not contain serum and a three-dimensional culture zone
Osteoblast	Requires the presence of fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, beta-glycerol-phosphate and dexamethasone
Adipocyte	Requires PPAR-gamma and fatty acid synthetase
Neuron	Has been shown to occur with the presence of isobutylmethylxanthine and dibutyrul cyclic AMP. Also shown to occur with the presence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and EGF.