Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to BMI group for TOPCAT Americas population
| BMI (Kg/m2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | < 30 (n=616) | ≥ 30 (n=1135) | P value |
| Age (years) | 75.3 ± 9 | 69.4±9.3 | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone | 303 (49%) | 580 (51%) | 0.453 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 2.7 | 38 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.9 ±11 | 118±15.9 | < 0.001 |
| Women | 297 (48%) | 578 (51%) | 0.293 |
| Men | 319 (52%) | 557 (49%) | |
| White | 508 (83%) | 865 (76%) | < 0.001 |
| Black | 70 (11%) | 229 (20%) | |
| Others | 38 (6%) | 41 (4%) | |
| Enrollment strata: | |||
| HF hospital admission | 274 (44%) | 691 (61%) | < 0.001 |
| Natriuretic Peptide | 342 (56%) | 444 (39%) | |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 458 ± 538 (n=244) | 339 ± 343 (n=447) | 0.002 |
| NT Pro-BNP (pg/ml) | 1983 ± 2141 (n= 156) | 1368 ± 1699 (n= 200) | 0.004 |
| Natriuretic Peptide tertiles: | < 0.001 | ||
| I (n= 348) | 106 (27%) | 242 (37%) | |
| II (n= 349) | 134 (33%) | 215 (33%) | |
| III (n= 350) | 160 (40%) | 190 (29%) | |
| Actual plasma volume (aPV) (ml) | 2702.4 ± 387.2 | 3603.4 ± 662.4 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 67 ± 10.4 | 69 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 125.8 ± 15.4 | 128.7 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 70.1 ± 11 | 72 ± 11.6 | 0.001 |
| NYHA | < 0.001 | ||
| I or II | 446 (72%) | 687 (61%) | |
| III or IV | 170 (28%) | 445 (39%) | |
| Edema over the past year | 536 (90%) | 1069 (96%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 529 (87%) | 1047 (92%) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 177 (29%) | 608 (54%) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 407 (66%) | 837 (74%) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 279 (45%) | 458 (40%) | 0.048 |
| Stroke | 49 (8%) | 109 (10%) | 0.294 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 126 (21%) | 231 (20%) | 0.951 |
| PCI | 115 (19%) | 229 (20%) | 0.488 |
| CABG | 118 (19%) | 216 (19%) | 0.949 |
| Angina | 178 (29%) | 306 (27%) | 0.401 |
| Peripheral arterial diseases | 61 (10%) | 142 (13%) | 0.118 |
| COPD | 91 (15%) | 197 (17%) | 0.177 |
| Asthma | 48 (8%) | 146 (13%) | 0.001 |
| Sodium | 139.38 ± 3.4 | 139.86 ± 2.9 | 0.004 |
| Potassium | 4.2 ± 0.42 | 4.1 ± 0.43 | 0.063 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 64.3 ± 22.2 | 64.5 ± 21 | 0.836 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.8 ± 1.6 | 12.8 ± 1.6 | 0.618 |
| Hematocrit | 38.6 ± 4.8 | 38.6 ± 4.7 | 0.889 |
| Albumin | 3.9 ± 0.47 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 0.502 |
| Ejection fraction | 57 ± 7 | 58 ± 7 | 0.252 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic volume | 87.3 ± 31.3 | 100.4 ± 31.6 | < 0.001 |
| Left ventricular end systolic volume | 36.6 ± 19.4 | 40.4 ± 17.3 | 0.015 |
| Stroke volume | 50.6 ± 15.5 | 60 ± 18.1 | < 0.001 |
| Left ventricular mass | 199.2 ± 63.1 | 236.4 ± 71.9 | < 0.001 |
| Left atrial volume | 60 ± 23.4 | 63.1 ± 28.2 | 0.151 |
| Global longitudinal strain | −15.3 ± 3.4 | −15.5 ± 3.4 | 0.598 |
| E/e’ lateral | 11.2 ± 5.5 | 13.1 ± 6.2 | 0.003 |
| E/e’ medial | 15.8 ± 7.1 | 16.6 ± 7.2 | 0.308 |
| Diuretics | 513 (83%) | 1045 (92%) | < 0.001 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 447 (73%) | 936 (83%) | < 0.001 |
| Beta blockers | 484 (79%) | 893 (79%) | 0.951 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 211 (34%) | 464 (41%) | 0.006 |
| Nitrates | 100 (16%) | 203 (18%) | 0.391 |
| Aspirin | 343 (56%) | 681 (60%) | 0.084 |
| Statin | 372 (60%) | 769 (68%) | 0.002 |
| Warfarin | 220 (36%) | 367 (32%) | 0.168 |
| Study drug discontinuation | 573 (93%) | 1066 (93%) | 0.475 |
| Discontinuation due to permanent | 18 (3%) | 33 (3%) | 1.00 |
| Discontinuation due to abnormal renal function | 33 (5%) | 70 (6%) | 0.594 |