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. 2020 Oct 24;159(4):1452–1459. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.049

Table 3.

Safety Outcomes Stratified by AF Medication Type

Medication β-Blocker (n = 113) Amiodarone (n = 529) Calcium Channel Blocker (n = 354) Digoxin (n = 49)
MAP < 65 mm Hg by 6 h 58.2 (46.4-70.0) 69.4 (64.5-74.4) 56.0 (49.5-62.5) 51.4 (35.2-67.5)
HR < 60 beats/min by 6 h 3.0 (1.1-7.1) 4.5 (2.2-6.7) 0.9 (0.3-2.1) 5.4 (1.9-12.7)
Vasopressor medication started or increased in dose by 6 h 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 5.3 (2.9-7.7) 0.9 (0.3-2.1) 2.7 (2.5-7.9)
Direct cardioversion by 6 h 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 2.1 (0.6-3.6) 0.4 (0.4-1.3) 2.7 (2.5-7.9)
Pacemaker by 6 h 1.5 (1.4-4.4) 1.2 (0.0-2.3) 0.4 (0.4-1.3) 0.0 (0.0-0.0)
Additional AF medications by 6 h ... ... ... ...
 None 79.1 (69.4-88.8) 92.3 (89.4-95.1) 91.1 (87.4-94.8) 75.7 (61.9-89.5)
 One 19.4 (9.9-28.9) 7.1 (4.4-9.9) 7.6 (4.1-11.0) 24.3 (10.5-38.1)
 Two 1.5 (0.0-4.4) 0.6 (0.0-1.4) 0.9 (0.0-2.1) 0.0 (0.0-0.0)
 Three 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.4 (0.0-1.3) 0.0 (0.0-0.0)
Hospital length of stay, median (95% CI), d 6.3 (4.6-7.4) 5.6 (4.4-6.6) 6.4 (5.3-7.5) 5.1 (3.5-8.4)
Hospital mortality 31.3 (27.7-34.8) 39.2 (34.0-44.4) 22.2 (16.8-27.7) 13.5 (2.5-24.5)

Data are percentage (95% CI), unless otherwise indicated. AF = atrial fibrillation; HR = heart rate; MAP = mean arterial pressure.