Table 1.

Program Descriptions, Components, and Related Publications

Program/Publication	Components of Program/Description of Publication						Publication Components
	Funding	Counseling	Pharmacotherapy	QL	LCS	Referral	Feasibility / Acceptability	Describe Patient Sample	Engagement	Abstinence: > 6 mo	Abstinence: < 6 mo	Pharmacotherapy Use	Other health/Performance Effects	Funding, Costs, Cost-Savings
University of Kansas Medical Center; established 2006	H	B	NRT	X	X	E, O
Faseru et al,16 2009	Patients treated on surgical, obstetric, and psychiatric services are less likely to be referred for tobacco treatment than those treated on medical services						X	X
Stoltzfus et al,17 2011	Offering quitline referral regardless of patients’ self-professed readiness to quit expands the reach of quitline counseling												X
Faseru et al,18 2011	Many smokers make unassisted quit attempts postdischarge because use of cessation medications and quitline counseling is low						X	X	X		X	X
Rigotti et al,19 2015	E-cigarette use increased substantially from 2010 to 2013 among a large sample of hospitalized adult cigarette smokers							X					X
Fitzgerald et al,20 2016	Although one-half of inpatients with HIV smoke, few are referred for tobacco treatment. One in five who received treatment reported they quit							X	X		X
Richter et al,21 2016	Enrolling patients in quitline via a “warm handoff” doubles enrollment compared with fax referral. Hospital-borne costs are significantly lower in warm handoff than in fax referrals								X		X	X		X
Carrillo et al,22 2017	When resources are committed to compliance, the CMS Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities Quality Reporting Program results in a 10-fold increase in the number of smokers with mental disorders who receive inpatient treatment							X	X			X
Mussulman et al,23 2018	Pilot study findings suggest that a warm handoff is a promising intervention for hospitalized people living with HIV and AIDS								X		X		X
Patel et al, 24 2019	Among smoking inpatients with no contraindications, only 41% who requested a quit smoking script on discharge actually received one							X				X
	Funding	Counseling	Pharmacotherapy	QL	LCS	Referral	Feasibility/Acceptability	Describe Patient Sample	Engagement	Abstinence: Short Term, < 6 mo	Abstinence: Long Term, > 6 mo	Pharmaco-therapy Use	Other Health/Performance Effects	Funding, Costs, Cost-Savings
Scheuermann et al,25 2019	Referring hospitalized patients to quitline via warm handoff increases adherence to quitline services								X			X
Liebmann et al,26 2019	Getting inpatient NRT predicts receipt of a postdischarge script for NRT								X			X
Liebmann et al,27 2019	Engaging in both postdischarge quitline services and pharmacotherapy independently facilitates long-term quitting; both are important								X		X	X
Mussulman et al,28 2019	Among patients who were interested in quitting and participated in a clinical trial, 37% relapsed to smoking within 1 h of leaving the hospital							X		X			X
Medical University of South Carolina; established 2014	H, C3I	B, OP	NRT, Bu, V	X	X	E, O
Nahhas et al,29 2016	Most patients choose to opt-in to a smoking cessation intervention and follow-up. Those who do not are more likely to be male, younger in age, and not visited by a counselor during admission						X	X
Nahhas et al,30 2017	An opt-out smoking cessation service for hospitalized inpatients is feasible to implement, well accepted by patients, and increased short-term abstinence, medication use, and quitline use						X	X	X	X		X
Buchanan et al,31 2017	An opt-out smoking cessation program is feasible and accepted by patients admitted to the perinatal unit of the hospital, and increased abstinence rates following discharge.						X			X			X
Cartmell et al,11 2018	Smokers who engage in a visit with the tobacco treatment service while admitted have lower rates of readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days following discharge													X
Cartmell et al,10 2018	Health-care charges 1 year following discharge were reduced among smokers who received counseling from the tobacco treatment service while an inpatient. Tobacco treatment costs were low													X
Boston Medical Center; established 2016	H	B, OP	NRT Bu, V	X	X	E, O
Kathuria et al,32 2019	Hospital inpatients with a substance use disorder were significantly more likely to smoke, but cigarette use was de-prioritized during addiction treatment							X	X
Seth et al,33 2020	Implementing a large-scale tobacco treatment program is feasible and acceptable by patients; however, barriers related to clinician adaptation affect uptake						X	X	X			X
Herbst et al,34 2020	An opt-out service at a large safety-net hospital was effective at improving hospital-level tobacco performance metrics, increasing NRT use during and following admission, as well as increasing abstinence rates following discharge										X	X	X
Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven Hospital; established 2011	H, C3I	QL, OP, TXT	NRT, Bu, V	X		E, O
Johns Hopkins Medical Center; established 2018	H	B, OP	NRT, Bu, V		X	E, O
Galiatsatos et al,35 2020	A case study of a patient who was identified as having hypersensitivity pneumonitis following secondhand exposure to electronic cigarettes.							X
Washington University in St. Louis/BJC Healthcare System; established 2018	H, R, C3I	QL, TXT	NRT, Bu, V	X	X	E, O
Ramsey et al,36 2019	A point-of-care, low-burden model of tobacco treatment service integrated in the electronic health record increased identification and treatment referrals for patients with cancer						X	X	X			X	X
Ramsey et al,15 2019	Participatory mixed methods study revealed that hospital-based smoking cessation treatment program should address key leverage points: workflow disruptions from patient smoking, misalignment between patient and provider perceptions, and coordination across the medical team to use standardized approaches (eg, nurse-driven protocol) to treat nicotine withdrawal and promote cessation						X	X	X			X		X
Ramsey et al,37 2020	Low-barrier, easily accessible tobacco treatment programs increase the use of services, especially among clinics that otherwise may not have access to such a resource						X	X	X			X	X
State University of New York at Buffalo Hospital; established 2015	R	R				R
Wen et al,38 2019	A pilot intervention of contingency management smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women was shown to be efficacious and acceptable among participants						X	X	X	X
Wen et al,39 2019	Following a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant smokers, the infants of those who successfully quit early in pregnancy had lower rates of rapid weight gain, which is a risk factor for child obesity									X			X

B = bedside counseling inpatient; BJC = Barnes Jewish Center; Bu = bupropion; CMS = Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; C3I = affiliated cancer center received Cancer Center Cessation Initiative support; E = electronic medical record identification; H = hospital funded; LCS = association with lung cancer screening program; N = national funding; NRT = nicotine replacement therapy; O = opt-out service; OP = outpatient counseling; QL = state quitline referral/treatment; R = research-related funding, intervention, and recruitment; TXT = referral to text message intervention; V = varenicline; X = affirmative of characteristic.