Figure 7.

Gene Set Variation Analysis of Emphysema Signature Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Following Interferon-β Treatment. Gene set variation analysis was used to summarize the expression of each emphysema signature gene cluster in a published dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients at baseline or after interferon-β treatment (GSE26104¹⁸). This demonstrates that the genes increased in the bronchial airway of patients in the emphysema-cluster group are induced significantly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with multiple sclerosis who are treated with interferon-β. Post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test was applied to examine the pairwise differences between groups. Two asterisks indicate P ≤ .01. GSVA = gene set variation analysis.