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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 12;26(7):3134–3151. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00909-x

Figure 3. IRX2 expression is increased in cocaine use disorder and is related to exon 3 methylation in cells.

Figure 3.

a) IRX2 expression was significantly increased in the caudate nucleus of cocaine dependent subjects (n=21 cases and n=23 controls). b) while no significant increase in IRX1 was detected (n=22 cases and n=22 controls), c) the expression of both IRX1 and IRX2 transcripts was highly correlated (n=36). d) Human neural progenitor cells (RENcells) endogenously expressed IRX1 and IRX2 while kidney epithelial cells (HEK293) did not (n=3 per group). e) Endogenous methylation of IRX2 exon 3 was higher in kidney epithelial cells than in neural progenitor cells (n=3 per group). f) Transfection of an active dCas9-DNMT3A construct, along with a pool of 3 guide RNA constructs significantly increased methylation of IRX2 exon 3 in RenCells, compared to transfection with an inactive construct or wildtype controls. g) Active methylation of IRX2 decreased transcription of both IRX2 and IRX1 compared to inactive or wildtype cells. (n=2–3 replicates per group)WT=wildtype. Data represented as mean ± s.e.m **** p <0.0001, * p < 0.05