Table 3.
Clinical predictors for overall in-hospital mortality using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis
| Statistics | |||
| Characteristics | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| Model 1 | |||
| Age (per 1-year increment) | 1.075 | 1.045 to 1.105 | <0.001* |
| Hypertension | 1.264 | 0.572 to 2.793 | 0.562 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 1.232 | 0.590 to 2.571 | 0.578 |
| Hypoxia (SpO2 <95%) | 4.630 | 1.934 to 1.111 | 0.001* |
| Rales/crackles | 2.016 | 0.955 to 4.255 | 0.066 |
| Leucocytosis (WBC >10 000/µL) | 2.732 | 1.412 to 5.263 | 0.003* |
| Transaminitis (ALT >3× UNL) | 2.137 | 0.890 to 5.128 | 0.089 |
| eGFR (per 1.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrement)† | 1.002 | 0.990 to 1.013 | 0.795 |
| Ferritin (>336 ng/mL) | 4.016 | 1.195 to 13.514 | 0.025* |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (>200 U/L) | 7.752 | 1.639 to 37.037 | 0.010* |
| Procalcitonin (>0.25 ng/mL) | 2.404 | 1.011 to 5.714 | 0.047* |
| Troponin I (>0.03 ng/mL) | 2.242 | 1.080 to 4.673 | 0.030* |
| Opacity/infiltrate on imaging | 3.077 | 1.276 to 7.407 | 0.012* |
| Nasal cannula | 1.883 | 0.799 to 4.444 | 0.148 |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 4.608 | 2.053 to 10.309 | <0.001* |
| NIPPV | 7.246 | 2.899 to 18.182 | <0.001* |
| Mechanical ventilation | 13.889 | 6.211 to 31.250 | <0.001* |
| ICU admission/transfer | 13.699 | 6.135 to 30.303 | <0.001* |
| RRT | 21.277 | 5.025 to 90.909 | <0.001* |
| Vasopressor | 22.222 | 9.434 to 52.632 | <0.001* |
| Antibiotics | 17.544 | 2.309 to 125.000 | 0.006* |
| ARDS | 23.810 | 10.204 to 55.556 | <0.001* |
| Superimposed bacteraemia | 2.041 | 0.645 to 6.452 | 0.224 |
| Model 2 | |||
| Azithromycin | 1.916 | 0.788 to 4.651 | 0.152 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1.057 | 0.467 to 2.392 | 0.894 |
| Ascorbic acid | 1.008 | 0.440 to 2.313 | 0.985 |
| Zinc | 1.517 | 0.651 to 3.546 | 0.334 |
| Tocilizumab | 1.499 | 0.381 to 5.917 | 0.562 |
| Convalescent plasma | 1.513 | 0.600 to 3.817 | 0.381 |
| Model 3 | |||
| Respiratory acidosis | 3.745 | 1.443 to 9.709 | 0.007* |
| Steroids therapy | 1.107 | 0.459 to 2.667 | 0.821 |
| Model 4 | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 2.268 | 1.025 to 5.025 | 0.043* |
| Model 5 | |||
| Arrhythmias as complications | 1.161 | 0.428 to 3.155 | 0.769 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and obesity.
Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, need for oxygen therapy and ICU admission.
Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, asthma/COPD, need for oxygen therapy and ICU admission.
Model 4 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, CKD, need for oxygen therapy and ICU admission.
Model 5 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, CAD, heart failure, history of arrhythmia/conduction disorder and ICU admission.
*Statistically significant.
ALT, alanine transaminase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; NIPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SpO2, oxygen saturation; UNL, upper normal limit; WBC, white blood cell.