Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort analytical cohort (N=1168)

	N (%)
Women	1085 (92.9)
Race
White	643 (55.1)
Black African Ancestry	460 (39.4)
Other	65 (5.6)
History of seropositive status
ANA+	1075 (92.0)
Anti-dsDNA+	591 (50.6)
ANA+ or anti-dsDNA+	1093 (93.6)
Current smoker at cohort entry	202 (17.3)
Past smoker at cohort entry	465 (39.8)
Adjusted mean SELENA-SLEDAI <3 in background period	641 (54.9)
SLE therapies* ever prescribed in observation period
Oral prednisone (any dose)	702 (60.1)
Oral prednisone >7.5 mg/day	428 (36.6)
HCQ	759 (65.0)
NSAID	447 (38.3)
Immunosuppressants†	262 (22.4)
Obesity in observation period (BMI >27.8 for men and BMI >27.3 for women)	604 (51.7)
Hypertension in observation period (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mm Hg)	652 (55.8)
Diabetes therapy with oral hypoglycaemic agent or insulin	118 (10.1)
	Median (range)
Age at cohort entry‡, years	36 (11–77)
Age at SLE diagnosis§, years	31(5–75)
Age at last assessment in follow-up period, years	46 (20–85)
Adjusted mean SELENA-SLEDAI in background period	3 (0–16)
Disease duration from SLE diagnosis to cohort entry, years	2 (0–39)
Disease duration from SLE diagnosis to last assessment, years	11 (2–48)
Follow-up time from cohort entry to last assessment, years	7 (2–23)

*Categories not mutually exclusive.

†Leflunomide, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, azathioprine, methotrexate or rituximab (biologic).

‡Less than 2% of cohort enrolled <18 years of age.

§Less than 5% of cohort diagnosed with SLE <18 years of age.

ANA, antinuclear antibodies; BMI, body mass index in kg/m²; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SELENA-SLEDAI, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.