Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included.

Study	Design	Partici-pants	Age	Control	Intervention	Herbal combinations	Duration	Outcome
Mohan et al., 2001 [24]	Randomized double blind	30	54 ± 12	placebo	DCBT 2345	Gymnema sylvestre, Syzygium jambolinium, Cephalandra indica.	6 month	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, Insulin
Poongothai et al., 2002 [25]	Randomized double blind	40	45 ± 15	placebo	Hyponidd	GymnemaSylvestre,Syzigiumcumine, Pterocarpus marsupium, Gurcuma Longa, Emblicaofficianale, Meliaazadirachta, Trivang Bhasma and Shilajit.	3 month	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, Insulin
Guptha et al., 2018 [26]	Randomized parallel group	64	42.5 ± 17.5	placebo	BGR-34	Tinospora cordifolia, Berberis aristata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Rubia cordifoila, Gymnema sylvestre, and Trigonella foenum-graecum.	16 week	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c.
Sharma et al., 2010 [27]	Randomized double blind	50	47.5 ± 17.5	placebo	GlucoCare capsules	Gymnema sylvestre, Commiphora wightii, Pterocarpus marsupium, Shilajeet, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Syzygium cumini, Casearia esculenta, Sphaeranthus indicus, Boerhaavia diffusa, Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus amarus, Gossypium herbaceum, Gmelina arborea, Triphala, Momordica charantia, Abutilon indicum, Asparagus racemosus, Tribulus terrestris, Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Ocimum santum, Rumex maritimus, Trikatu	3 month	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c.
Awasthia et al., 2015 [28]	Open label randomized active control	93	40 ± 20	metformin	Poly herbal formulation	Cyperus rotundus, Emblica officinalis, Berberis aristata, Terminalia chebula Cedrus deodara, and Terminalia bellirica.	24 weeks	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG,TC, HDL, LDL
Deshpande et al., 2018 [29]	Open label randomized active control	61	42.5 ± 17.5	Metformin	Vidangadi Yoga	Embelia ribes, Shorea robusta, Terminalia arjuna, Myrica esculeuta, Anthocephalus indicus, Symplocos racemosa,Pterocarpus marsupium, Holarrhena antidysenterica.	90 days	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG,TC, HDL, LDL
Xiang L et al., 2016 [30]	Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial	91	57.21 ± 13.2	Placebo	Qidan Dihuang grain	Radixastragali, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radixrehmanniae,Rhizoma Diosscoreae, Radixglycyrrhizae	12 weeks	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL
Nakanekar A et al., 2019 [2]	randomized double blind trial	77	49 ± 15.1	Placebo	PDBT	Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Zingiber officinale	6 month	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, Insulin
Khalili N et al., 2017 [31]	Randomized double blind trial	60	56.1 ± 10.3	Placebo	Herbal formulation	Urtica dioica, Silybum marianumGaertn, Olibanum gum (olibanum)	90 days	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL
Yuan H et al., 2015 [32]	Randomized double blind trial	111	55.6 ± 10.7	Placebo	JYTK	A.senticosus,E. alatus, and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae	26 weeks	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL
Shokoohi R et al., 2017 [33]	Randomized double blind trial	86	49.7 ± 6.4	Placebo	Polyherbal formulation	C mukul, C myrrh, and T chebula	3 month	FBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL
Lian F et al., 2015 [34]	Randomized double blind trial	186	55.5 ± 9.8	Placebo	Jinlida	Coptis chinensis, Ginseng, flavescentis, salvia, Puerariae, Ophiopogon japonicus, Polygonommultiflori, dogwood, Rehmanniae,Poria, epimedium, Semen litchi, Cortex lycii radices, Perrin, anemarrhena	12 weeks	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c
Zhu J et al., 2019 [35]	Randomized double blind trial	88	63.3 ± 7.88	Placebo	Polyherbal formulation	Gymnema, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Momordica charantia, Tinospora cordifolia, Azadirachta indica, Cinnamon, Kino tree, Bael tree, Ficus carica	12 weeks	FBS, PPBS, HbA1c
Tong XL et al., 2013 [36]	Randomized double blind trial	399	54.4 ± 7.7	Placebo	TM81	Rhizomacoptidis, Pericarpiumcirtrireticulatae, Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Scutellariae	12 weeks	FBS

Note: FBS: Fasting blood sugar, PPBS: Postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin, TG: Triglycerides, TC: Total cholesterol, HDL: High density lipoprotein, LDL: Low density lipoprotein.