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. 2021 Mar 29;12:636118. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636118

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Copyright © 2021 Goplen, Cheon and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Early and late cellular networks involved in Trm cell differentiation and maintenance. After viral respiratory pneumonia, early pulmonary CD8 T_RM cell differentiation is driven by re-encounter with antigen presented via interstitial classic monocytes (mnc) and opposed by alveolar macrophages that maintain lung homeostasis. B cell-dependent tissue-resident CD4 helper T cells (T_RH) support T_RM cell maintenance through IL-21 dependent survival. T_RM intrinsic PD-1 signaling prevents pathology in the absence of infectious virus. Created with BioRender.