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. 2021 Mar 29;11:633210. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633210

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Temozolomide (TMZ), RT, DCA, and their combination reduce GBM cell proliferation. (A) Percentage effect of dual-read time-resolved fluorescent lifetime at 60-min post-treatment relative to untreated control (Unt) for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) metabolism. Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP; 2.5 μm), etomoxir (Eto; 40 μm), and antimycin A (AA; 1 μm) were used as positive and negative controls where appropriate. Data are expressed as mean of triplicates. (B) Micrographs of colonies (>50 cells) 10-day post-treatment. (C) Column graphs show mean ± SEM of triplicates from three independent experiments. Column graphs show the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments ap < 0.05 vs. Unt; bp < 0.05 vs. TMZ; cp < 0.05 vs. RT; dp < 0.05 vs. DCA; ep < 0.05 vs. ranolazine (Rano); fp < 0.05 vs. TMZ/RT; gp < 0.05 vs. DCA/Rano; and hp < 0.05 vs. All-combined treatments were determined by Kruskal–Wallis test alongwith the Dunn's multiple comparison test.