Figure 9.

DCA and Rano increased median survival but were not more efficacious than chemoradiation. Mice were injected intracranially with 1 × 10⁵/2 μl murine GBM cells on day 0 and TMZ (50 mg/kg/day i.p.), DCA (200 mg/kg/day i.p.), Rano; 50 mg/kg/day i.p.), and/or RT (20 Gy/10) treatment administered daily from day 7 to day 21. (A) The Kaplan–Meier plots show median survival per treatment and are indicated in the graph legend. Six mice per treatment were monitored for 100-day postinoculation or until humane endpoint. (B) Endpoint Gl261 (top) and CT2A (bottom) tumors were immunohistochemically stained for cell proliferation marker, Ki67, DNA damage marker, γH2A.X (S139), and apoptotic marker, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stain. (C) Column graphs of the quantitation of positively stained cells in treated mice compared to controls. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM for five high-power fields (N = 6 tumors per treatment group). ^ap < 0.05 vs. Unt; ^bp < 0.05 vs. TMZ; ^cp < 0.05 vs. RT; ^dp < 0.05 vs. DCA; ^ep < 0.05 vs. Rano; ^fp < 0.05 vs. TMZ/RT; ^gp < 0.05 vs. DCA/Rano; and ^hp < 0.05 vs. All-combined treatments were determined by the two-way ANOVA test along with the Tukey's multiple comparison test. n.d., not determined.