Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients by Presence or Absence of Orthostatic Hypotension
| No Orthostatic Hypotension (n = 3,693) | Orthostatic Hypotension (n = 180) | Total (N = 3,873) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 58±11 | 59±11 | 58±11 |
| Male sex | 2,025 (54.8%) | 96 (53.3%) | 2,121 (54.8%) |
| Black race | 1,567 (42.4%) | 66 (36.7%) | 1,633 (42.2%) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 419 (11.3%) | 50 (27.7%) | 469 (12.1%) |
| Comorbid conditions (history of) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,736 (47.0%) | 128 (71.1%) | 1,864 (48.1%) |
| Myocardial infarction/revascularization | 793 (21.5%) | 46 (25.6%) | 839 (21.7%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 232 (6.3%) | 20 (11.1%) | 252 (6.5%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 349 (9.5%) | 21 (11.7%) | 370 (9.6%) |
| Stroke | 353 (9.6%) | 28 (15.6%) | 381 (9.8%) |
| Cardiovascular disease [n (%)] | 1,200 (32.5%) | 80 (44.4%) | 1,280 (33.0%) |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 3,157 (85.5%) | 173 (96.1%) | 3,330 (86.0%) |
| Ever smoker [n (%)] | 2,021 (54.7%) | 97 (53.9%) | 2,118 (54.7%) |
| Current smoker [n (%)] | 485 (13.1%) | 25 (13.9%) | 510 (13.2%) |
| BP data | |||
| Seated pulse, beats/min | 67.8±11.3 | 67.0±12.0 | 67.8±11.4 |
| Standing pulse, beats/min | 72.3±12.4 | 71.8±13.3 | 72.2±12.5 |
| Seated systolic BP, mm Hg | 127.5±21.5 | 147.5±27.0 | 128.5±22.2 |
| Seated diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71.3±12.9 | 75.2±14.8 | 71.5±13.0 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 56.2±18.8 | 72.3±20.8 | 56.95±19.2 |
| Standing systolic BP, mm Hg | 127.5±22.0 | 120.6±27.1 | 127.1±22.3 |
| Standing diastolic BP, mm Hg | 73.5±13.4 | 69.7±15.5 | 73.4±13.5 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 156.6±116.2 | 161.6±118.6 | 156.9±116.3 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.3±44.4 | 196.5±64.9 | 183.9±45.6 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.5±15.5 | 48.9±15.2 | 47.5±15.5 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 102.6±35.2 | 109.8±42.7 | 102.9±35.6 |
| VLDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 33.4±26.0 | 37.9±30.3 | 33.6±26.2 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.2±7.8 | 29.3±5.9 | 32.1±7.8 |
| Ankle-brachial index | 1.05±.20 | 1.01±.23 | 1.04±0.20 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.7±1.8 | 11.8±1.9 | 12.6±1.8 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.6±1.5 | 7.1±1.9 | 6.6±1.6 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.0±.46 | 3.7±.57 | 3.9±0.47 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.2±.50 | 9.1±.58 | 9.2±0.51 |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 3.7±.67 | 4.0±.60 | 3.7±0.67 |
| Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, μg/mg | 48.0 [8.2-434.3] | 238.0 [23.1-1740.5] | 51.9 [8.7-458.8] |
| eGFR,a mL/min/1.73 m2 | 45±17 | 38±13 | 45±17 |
| Medications | |||
| ACE inhibitor use | 1,807 (49.2%) | 80 (45.5%) | 1,887 (49.1%) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker use | 923 (25.1%) | 55 (31.3%) | 978 (25.4%) |
| α2-agonist use | 314 (8.6%) | 24 (13.6%) | 338 (8.8%) |
| α-Blocker use | 517 (14.1%) | 38 (21.6%) | 555 (14.4) |
| β-Blocker use | 1,781 (48.5%) | 108 (61.4%) | 1,889 (49.1%) |
Note: Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation, number (percent), or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
a
eGFR calculated using the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study equation.