Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants of the High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Training (HIT-RT) and Control Group (CG) at Study Start and After 18 Months of Intervention
| Variable | CG (n=22) | HIT-RT (n=21) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 18 Month | Baseline | 18 Month | |
| MV ± SD | MV ± SD | MV ± SD | MV ± SD | |
| Age [years] | 79.2 ± 4.7 | 80.8 ± 4.7 | 77.8 ± 3.6 | 79.6 ± 3.6 |
| Body Mass Index [kg/m2] | 24.5 ± 1.9 | 24.6 ± 2.1 | 25.0 ± 3.0 | 24.8 ± 3.0 |
| Total Body Fat [%] | 34.2 ± 6.1 | 32.2 ± 5.5 | 33.6 ± 4.0 | 33.5± 4.3 |
| More than two diseases [n]a | 12 | 13 | 10 | 9 |
| Metabolic Syndrome [n]b | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 |
| Diabetes Mellitus type II [n] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Physical activity [Index]c | 4.15 ± 1.53 | 4.32 ± 1.44 | 4.45 ± 1.32 | 4.51 ± 1.27 |
| Exercise volume [min/week] | 59 ± 56 | 54 ± 56 | 42 ± 52 | 52 ± 50 |
| 25-OHD level [ng/mL]de | 17.5 ± 7.0 | 29.6 ± 5.8 | 21.6 ± 8.4 | 28.1 ± 5.8 |
| Calcium intake (mg/d)e | 833 ± 282 | 852 ± 266 | 802 ± 226 | 827 ± 291 |
| Energy intake [kcal/d]f | 2291 ± 590 | 2242 ± 639 | 2155 ± 416 | 2197 ± 508 |
| Dietary Protein intake [g/kg/d]f | 1.29 ± 0.24 | 1.25±0.23 | 1.10 ± 0.25 | 1.15 ± 0.27 |
Notes: aICD-10 based disease cluster of Schäfer et al38 bas defined by the International Diabetes Federation;30 cScale from (1) “very low” to (7) “very high”32 dRoche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany; eAs determined by a Calcium Questionnaire provided by Rheumaliga, Switzerland; fAs determined by dietary records.
Abbreviations: MV, mean value; SD, standard deviation; 25-OHD, calcidiol.