Tγδ17 cells are tissue resident. (A) Experimental scheme illustrates parabiosis schedules. Five week-old CD45.1/2 and CD45.2/2 congenic B6 mice were underwent parabiosis surgery and analyzed after 2- and 7- weeks. (B) Representative dot plots show proportion of resident (CD45.1/2) and circulating (CD45.2/2) B (B220+), CD4 T and CD8 T cells in peripheral lymph nodes and TγδN, Tγδ1 and Tγδ17 cells in lung. Numbers indicate frequencies of cells in adjacent gates. (C, D) Bar graphs show mean frequencies of residential and circulating cells of each cell subset in indicated tissues at 2- (C) and 7-weeks (D) after parabiosis. Pooled data from three independent experiments using 3 to 5 pairs are shown. (E, F) B6 SPF and GF mice were stained with anti-CD45.2 antibody via intravenously (i.v.) injection and single cell suspensions of indicated organs were analyzed at 3 min after in vivo staining. (E) Experimental scheme is shown. (F) Bar graphs show mean frequencies of intra- and extra- vascular cells of each cell subset in indicated tissues (N = 3). Error bars indicate ± SD. U.D, undetected. Unpaired two-tailed t-test was used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. THY, thymus; SPL, spleen; PLN, peripheral lymph node; MLN, mesenteric lymph node; SI-LP, small intestinal lamina propria; IEL, intraepithelial lymphocytes; BM, bone-marrow, SPF, specific pathogen free; GF, germ-free.