TABLE 5.
Anticancer effects of naringin-based nano-drug delivery systems.
| Nano-formulation | Cancer type | Study type | Cell line/animal model | Dose/Conc | Source | Purity (%) | Quality control reported? (Y/N) | Duration | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold-naringin nanoclusters | Lung | In vitro | A549 cell line | 15–90 μg/ml | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States) | ND | Y | 1–5 days | ↓Cell viability | Sangubotla et al. (2020) |
| Naringin-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets | Colon | In vitro | HT-29 cell line | 0.39–12.5 μM | KPI. (Shanghai, China) | ND | Y | 24 h | ↓Cell growth, ↓cell proliferation, ↑apoptosis | Han et al. (2020) |
| Ti-Naringin-PBA-ZnO nanoparticles | Osteosarcoma | In vitro | Saos-2 cell line | 98.6 μg/ml | Aladdin industrial co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) | ND | Y | 1–7 days | ↑Apoptosis, ↑ROS, ↑MAPK/ERK pathway | Yang et al. (2020) |
| Nanostructured lipid carrier-containing naringin and coix seed oil | Liver | In vitro; In vivo | HepG2 cell line; BALB-nu nude mice with HepG2 xenografts | 0.39–25 μM; 20 mg/kg | Shanghai Standard Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) | (>98%) | Y | 1–10 days | ↓Cell proliferation, ↑apoptosis, ↓cell viability, ↓tumor growth | Zhu et al. (2020) |
| PTX-NRG-MIC micelles | Breast | In vitro | MCF-7 cell line | 15–100 mg/ml | Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany) | ND | Y | 4–24 h | ↓Cell growth, ↓cell viability, ↑intracellular uptake | Jabri et al. (2019) |
| Naringin-PF68 micelles | Liver, breast and colorectal | In vitro; In vivo | Caco-2, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines; female Swiss albino mice with EAC cells | 0.1–40 μM; 100 mg/kg | Sigma-Aldrich co. (St louis, MO, United States) | ND | Y-HPLC | 1–7 days | ↓Tumor growth, ↓cell viability, ↓cell proliferation, ↓Tumor size | Mohamed et al. (2018) |
| PLGA nanoparticles co-encapsulating naringin and celecoxib | Lung | In vitro | A549 cell line | 0.78–100 μM | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | ND | Y | 10–70 h | ↓Cell viability, ↓cell proliferation, ↑apoptosis | Said-Elbahr et al. (2016) |
| Naringin-conjugated gold nanoparticles | Breast and prostate | In vitro | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, T47D, and PC-3 cell lines | 30–100 μg/ml | Sigma-Aldrich (Chandigarh, India) | ND | Y | 24 h | ↓Cell viability, ↓cell proliferation | Singh et al. (2016) |
Note: A down arrow indicates a reduction or decrease and an up arrow indicates an increase. EAC, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ND, not determined; PLGA, poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid copolymer; PTX-NRG-MIC, paclitaxel- and naringin-loaded mixed micelles; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Ti-naringin-PBA-ZnO, titanium-naringin-3-carboxyphenylboronic acid-zinc oxide.