In vivo studies on shell thickness effects on retinal structure of glaucomatous eyes. (A) Representative histological images of healthy (Pre), glaucomatous (GL), untreated (Ctrl), and treated (Y/CNP10 nm, Y/CNP20 nm, and Y/CNP40nm) glaucomatous retinas. Sections are stained with H&E. Scale bars: 50 µm. (B) Thickness of outer nuclear layer in different retinas; pink and blue dash lines showing the values of Pre and GL groups, respectively. Values are mean ± SD (n = 6). #P < 0.05 vs Pre, GL, and Y/CNP20 nm groups; ^P < 0.05 vs GL, Ctrl, Y/CNP10 nm and Y/CNP40 nm groups. (C) Typical histological images of retinas from different rabbit eyes. Sections are stained with H&E and TUNEL. Red fluorescence is TUNEL positive nuclei staining. Scale bars: 80 µm. (D) Number of apoptotic TUNEL-positive cells/300 µm; pink and blue dotted lines showing the values of Pre and GL groups, respectively. Values are mean ± SD (n = 6). #P < 0.05 vs Pre, GL, CNP20 nm, and CNP40 nm groups; ^P < 0.05 vs GL, Ctrl, CNP10 nm, and CNP40 nm groups; &P < 0.05 vs Pre, Ctrl, CNP10 nm, and CNP20 nm groups. Ocular tissues were harvested from test rabbit eyes at 10 days post single administration (50 µL of Y-27632-loaded HMCN solution, a mixture of 2% w/v Y-27632 and 1 mg/mL of HMCNs).