Table 3.
Examples of therapeutic approaches to drive T cells into tumors
| Main mechanisms | Therapeutic approaches | References |
|---|---|---|
| Promotes T-cell priming | Immune adjuvants (TLR agonists, STING agonists) | 102, 105 |
| Oncolytic viruses | 109, 111 | |
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 114, 119 | |
| Epigenetic modification inhibitors (DNMT inhibitor, HDAC inhibitor, EZH2 inhibitor) | 140-142 | |
| Metabolic intervention | 94, 97, 99 | |
| Local thermal ablation therapy (Radiofrequency ablation) | 123 | |
| Photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy | 161-163 | |
| Magnetic hyperthermia | 165, 166 | |
| High-intensity focused ultrasound | 167, 168 | |
| Promotes T-cell expansion | Adoptive cellular therapy (TILs, CAR-T cells) | 34, 125, 126 |
| Vaccines | 129 | |
| Promotes T-cell trafficking and infiltration | Oncogenic pathway inhibitors | 38, 130, 138 |
| Epigenetic modification inhibitors | 48, 49, 51 | |
| Antiangiogenic therapy (anti-VEGF) | 146 | |
| TGFβ inhibitors | 72, 73, 148 | |
| CXCR4 inhibitors | 84, 149 |