Table 2.
Processes of Care at the Index Visit up to 21 Days.
| Usual Care + PIPT (n = 1207) % (95% CI) | Usual Care (n = 1093) % (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIPT Checklist in medical | ||||
| record | 7.8 (5.4, 10.4) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | – |
| Referral to PIPT or PT | 56·8 (49·9, 63·5) | 29·3 (23·5, 35·8) | – | – |
| Referral to PIPT | 35.9 (26.2, 46.8) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2) | – | – |
| Referral to Specialist | ||||
| Complementary and | 1.8 (0.9, 3.3) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 1.60 (0.59, 4.20) | 0.36 |
| Integrative Health | 1.2 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.34 (0.53, 3.42) | 0.53 |
| Behavioral Health/ | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 5.0 (3.7, 6.6) | 1.00(0.66, 1.52) | 0.99 |
| Counseling$ | 5.0 (3.6, 7.0) | 6.4 (4.6, 8.9) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.25) | 0.28 |
| Non-Surgical Medical | ||||
| Specialist | ||||
| Spine Surgery | ||||
| Diagnostic Imaging Order | ||||
| X-ray MR/CT | 15.0 (11.5, 19.2) 7.2 (5.3, 9.7) | 18.1 (14.1, 23.0) 6.1 (4.4, 8.5) | 0.80 (0.53, 1.21) 1.19 (0.74, 1.91) | 0.28 0.47 |
| Opioid Prescription | 22.3 (18.3, 26.9) | 24.5 (20.1, 29.5) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.26) | 0.50 |
| Other Prescriptions | ||||
| Acetaminophen | 1.0 (0.44, 2.1) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.4) | 0.57 (0.20, 1.64) | 0.29 |
| Benzodiazepines | 2.5 (1.6, 3.8) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.1) | 0.95 (0.51, 1.79) | 0.87 |
| Muscle relaxants | 44.0 (39.3, 48.7) | 36.2 (31.6, 41.0) | 1.38 (1.05, 1.83) | 0.024 |
| NSAIDs | 29.0 (25.3, 32.9) | 31.2 (27.3, 35.5) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.41 |
PIPT=Psychologically informed physical therapy. PT=Physical therapy. MR=Magnetic resonance. CT=computerized tomography. NSAIDs=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory including topical.
All proportions, odds ratios and confidence intervals estimated using generalized linear mixed models with random effects for clinic adjusted for site.
$
did no adjust for site due to convergence issues