Table 1.

Overview of gastric cancer TCGA classification

Subtype	Characteristics	Treatment
Microsatellite instability, MSI	Accounts for 22%. It is more common in gastric antrum or pylorus, especially in women; high mutations in genes encoding cancer signal proteins: PIK3CA; MHL1 promoter hypermethylation, gastric CIMP	Methylation inhibitor
Chromosomal instability, CIN	Accounts for 50%. It occurs frequently at the gastroesophageal junction and cardia, mostly intestinal type; TP53 mutations are significantly aneuploidy and RTKs genes are frequently amplified, such as: ERBB2, EGFR, ERBB3, VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, etc.	For RTKs; anti-angiogenic therapy
Genomically stable, GS	Accounts for 20%, mostly diffuse type. CDH1 mutation, RHOA gene mutation or RHO family GTPase activation protein gene fusion is more common	For RHOA
EBV positive	Accounted for 9%, PI3KCA high frequency mutation, P16 inactivation, PD-L1/L2 expansion	PI3K, CDK4/6 inhibitor; immunotherapy