Table 2.
Background characteristics of the participants (N = 4850)
| Variable | N (%)/Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1800 (37.11%) |
| Female | 3050 (62.89%) |
| Age | 38.86 (9.74) |
| Having children under 6 years | |
| No | 3608 (74.39%) |
| Yes | 1242 (25.61%) |
| Job title | |
| Junior | 2329 (48.02%) |
| Intermediate | 1381 (28.47%) |
| Senior | 506 (10.43%) |
| Other (e.g., volunteers) | 634 (13.07%) |
| Effort–reward | |
| Effort (score range: 4–20) | 12.99 (2.80) |
| Over-commitment (score range: 5–25) | 14.06 (2.57) |
| Reward (score range: 9–45) | 33.44 (4.65) |
| Esteem (score range:4–20) | 13.06 (2.64) |
| Development (score range: 2–10) | 7.66 (1.52) |
| Job acceptance (score range: 3–15) | 12.72 (1.91) |
| Mental health problems | |
| PHQ-9 (score range: 0–27) | 5.94 (5.59) |
| Depression | |
| No | 3816 (78.68%) |
| Yes | 1034 (21.32%) |
| GAD-7 (score range: 0–21) | 5.69 (5.07) |
| Anxiety | |
| No | 3930 (78.68%) |
| Yes | 920 (18.97%) |