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. 2021 Mar 3;18(9):1921–1934. doi: 10.7150/ijms.54052

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Panel. A. Percentage distributions of patients with calcium deposits and calcification types by Von Kossa technics in patients without venous reflex (NR) and with reflux (R) stratified by age, n=number of patients. Panel. B. Images show calcium deposition in the different vein layers in the patient groups NR<50 (A), NR≥50 (B-C), R<50 (D-F) and R≥50 (G-H). Black punctate deposits are amorphous calcification (arrow), while dense irregular deposits are osseous metaplasia (arrowhead). NR<50: patients without reflux younger than 50 years, NR≥50: patients without reflux with 50 years or older, R<50: patients with reflux younger than 50 years, R≥50: patients with reflux with 50 years or older. I, intimal layer; M, middle layer; A, adventitial layer.