Table A3.
Study Quality Assessed Using Modified Downs and Black Checklista
| Original Item No. | Score | Risk of Bias | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reporting | External Validity | Internal Validity | Power | ||||||||||||||||
| Lead Author, Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 25 | 27 | Total | % | |
| Almeida, 20181 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Boo, 20186 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Garrison, 201810 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 65 | LR |
| Johnson, 201819 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| O’Malley, 201840 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Pamukoff, 201842 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Pelegrinelli, 201845 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 65 | LR |
| Mirkov, 201735 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Kuenze, 201725 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Goetschius, 201611 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 82 | LR |
| Zwolski, 201659 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Lepley, 201530 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Kuenze, 201526 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Chung, 20157 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Hsieh, 201517 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 94 | LR |
| Lepley, 201429 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 88 | LR |
| Mohammadi, 201336 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 76 | LR |
| Xergia, 201358 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Thomas, 201350 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 65 | LR |
| Rudroff, 200348 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 71 | LR |
| Mattacola, 200234 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 65 | LR |
aLR, low risk of bias.