Table 2.

Fibrates and Other PPAR Agonists in Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Reference	Year	Drug(s)	Study Design	Sample Size	Results
					ALP Levels	Other Endpoints
Honda et al44	2019	Bezafibrate	Retrospective cohort	118	↓	Significant decrease in total bilirubin, albumin, GGT, ALT, and AST levels, and in GLOBE and UK-PBC scores
Corpechot et al20	2018	Bezafibrate	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	100	↓	Significant decrease in liver stiffness and GGT levels but no change in liver histology
Hosonuma et al23	2015	Bezafibrate	Randomized, open-label, controlled trial	27	↓	Significant decrease in Mayo risk score, but not in AST, total bilirubin, or albumin levels
Iwasaki et al22	2008	Bezafibrate	Randomized, open-label, controlled trial	67	↓	Significant decrease in GGT, ALT, and IgM levels
Itakura et al21	2004	Bezafibrate	Randomized, open-label, crossover trial	16	↓	Significant decrease in GGT levels
Jörn et al30	2019	Elafibranor	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	45	↓	Significant decrease in GGT, IgM, and C4 levels
Duan et al45	2018	Fenofibrate	Retrospective cohort	39	↓	No significant change in GLOBE or UK-PBC scores
Cheung et al25	2016	Fenofibrate	Retrospective cohort	120	↓	Significant decrease in percent of patients meet-ing Toronto criteria and increase in transplant-free survival, but no change in INR, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, or albumin levels
Hegade et al26	2016	Fenofibrate	Retrospective cohort	23	↓	No significant change in UK-PBC scores
Han et al46	2012	Fenofibrate	Nonrandomized, open-label trial	22	↓	Significant decrease in GGT levels but not in ALT or AST levels
Levy et al47	2011	Fenofibrate	Nonrandomized, open-label trial	20	↓	Significant decrease in AST and IgM levels
Liberopou-los et al48	2010	Fenofibrate	Randomized, open-label, controlled trial	10	↓	Significant decrease in ALT and GGT levels
Walker et al49	2009	Fenofibrate	Retrospective cohort	16	↓	Significant decrease in IgM levels
Ohira et al50	2002	Fenofibrate	Retrospective cohort	7	NS	No significant change in GGT or IgM levels
Chung et al51	2019	Fenofibrate and bezafibrate	Retrospective cohort	87	↓	Significant decrease in GGT levels, cirrhosis, and GLOBE and UK-PBC scores
Dohmen et al52	2013	Fenofibrate and bezafibrate	Nonrandomized, open-label trial	14	↓	Significant decrease in GGT and IgM levels
Joshita et al28	2019	Pemafibrate	Retrospective cohort	7	↓	No significant change in GGT, ALT, or AST levels
Bowlus et al32	2018	Seladelpar	Randomized, open-label trial	119	↓	Significant decrease in ALT levels
Jones et al31	2017	Seladelpar	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	41	↓	Significant increase in ALT levels and reduction in C4 levels
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; C4, 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; Ig, immunoglobulin; INR, international normalized ratio; NS, not significant; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.