Table 1.

Interactions between viruses and kinases that target SR proteins: consequences on viral replication and cell’s functions.

Virus	Kinase(s)	Effect on the virus	Effect on the cell	References
HPV	SRPK1	Interacts with and phosphorylates E2 Interacts with E4	Increased SRPK1 expression and delocalization in the nucleus Downregulation of SRPK1 activity	Mole et al., 2020 Bell et al., 2007; Prescott et al., 2014
	DYRK1A/1B	Interacts and stabilizes E7 Interacts with E6	ND	Liang et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2015 Kuroyanagi et al., 1998
HSV	SRPK1	Inhibition of viral splicing	Delocalizes SRPK1 in the nucleus and inhibits SRPK1-mediated SR proteins phosphorylation	Sciabica et al., 2003; Souki and Sandri-Goldin, 2009; Tunnicliffe et al., 2019
VZV	SRPK1	Interacts with and phosphorylates IE4	ND	Ote et al., 2009
CMV	SRPK1	ND	CMV infection increases SRPK1 levels in the cytoplasm	Gaddy et al., 2010
	DYRK1A/1B	Interaction with several immediate-early viral proteins	Increased expression of DYRK1A/1B and relocalization	Hamilton et al., 2018
EBV	SRPK2	Interacts with and phosphorylates BRLF2	ND	Duarte et al., 2013
AdV	CLK1,2 and 4	Regulates E1A premRNA alternative splicing	ND	Duncan et al., 1997; Yomoda et al., 2008
	DYRK1A/1B	Interacts with and phosphorylates E1A	Counteracts AdV transforming activity	Komorek et al., 2010; Cohen et al., 2013; Glenewinkel et al., 2016
HBV	SRPK1, SRPK2	Interacts with and phosphorylates Core. Promotes specific pgRNA packaging	ND	Daub et al., 2002; Zheng et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011; Heger-Stevic et al., 2018
HIV	SRPK2	Increases viral production	ND	Fukuhara et al., 2006
	CLK1, CLK2	Control splicing of HIV RNAs and viral production	ND	Wong et al., 2011, 2013
	PRP4	Interacts with the N-terminus of Gag	Inhibition of SRSF1 phosphorylation	Bennett et al., 2004
	DYRK1A	Inhibits HIV-1 transcription	Phosphorylation and delocalization of NFAT Phosphorylation and degradation of Cyclin L2 Tat-mediated increase in DYRK1A and phospho-SC35 levels Dysregulation of Tau alternative splicing	Bol et al., 2011; Booiman et al., 2015; Kisaka et al., 2020 Kadri et al., 2015
IAV	CLK1	Impairs splicing of M1 RNA into M2 and viral propagation	ND	Karlas et al., 2010; Konig et al., 2010; Zu et al., 2015; Artarini et al., 2019
SindbisV	SRPK1	SRPK1 inhibitor SRPIN340 decreases viral replication	ND	Fukuhara et al., 2006
HCV	SRPK1	SRPK1 inhibitor SRPIN340 decreases viral replication	ND	Karakama et al., 2010
EBOV	SRPK1, SRPK2	Interacts with VP30 and phosphorylates it to modulate viral transcription	ND	Takamatsu et al., 2020
SARS-CoV	SRPK1	Interacts with, phosphorylates N protein, and modulates its multimerization.	ND	Peng et al., 2008

ND, not determined.