Table 1.
Study populations, protocols, and characteristics
| Author, year | Sample size n |
Protocols | Baseline characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention setting | Control setting |
Outcomes | The main causes of acute respiratory failure | Age, years | PaO2:FIO2 | ||
|
Bersten 1991 [51] |
40 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
CPE (CHF [56.4%]) |
NPPV: 76 (6) COT: 75 (6) |
NPPV: 138 (32) COT: 136 (44) |
|
Wysocki 1995 [36] |
41 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2.Intubation |
AHRF (CHF [30%]) |
NPPV: 64 (18) COT: 62 (11) |
NPPV: 191 (94) COT: 170 (77) |
|
Antonelli 2000 [49] |
40 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2. Intubation |
ARDS (patients who underwent solid organ transplantation [100%]) |
NPPV: 45 (19) COT: 44 (10) |
NPPV: 142 (29) COT: 149 (22) |
|
Delclaux 2000 [56] |
123 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
CPE (infection [49.6%]) |
NPPV: 56 [19–85]a COT: 60 [18–88]a |
NPPV: 140 [59–288]a COT: 148 [62–283]a |
|
Masip 2000 [39] |
37 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation |
CPE (myocardial infarction [29.7%]) |
NPPV: 75 (11) COT: 79 (5) |
NA |
|
Hilbert 2001 [46] |
52 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
CAP (immunocompromised patients [100%]) |
NPPV: 48 (14) COT: 50 (12) |
NPPV: 141 (24) COT: 136 (23) |
|
Levitt 2001 [41] |
38 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | CHF |
NPPV: 67 (15) COT: 69 (15) |
NA |
|
Ferrer 2003 [54] |
105 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (Pneumonia [32.4%]) |
NPPV: 61 (17) COT: 62 (18) |
NPPV: 102 (21) COT: 103 (23) |
|
L’Her 2004 [44] |
89 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (48 h, in-hospital) |
CPE (respiratory tract infection [33.7%]) |
NPPV: 84 (6) COT: 84 (6) |
NPPV: 157 (71) COT: 167 (73) |
|
Park 2004 [38] |
80 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital, 15 days, 60 days) 2. Intubation |
CPE (myocardial ischemia [37.5%]) |
NPPV: 64 (15) COT: 65 (15) |
NA |
|
Gray 2008 [53] |
1069 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (7 days, 30 days) 2. Intubation |
CPE (ischemic heart disease [17.6%]) |
NPPV: 77 (10) COT: 79 (9) |
NA |
|
Cosentini 2010 [55] |
47 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
CAP [100%] |
NPPV: 65 (17) COT: 72 (13) |
NPPV: 249 (25) COT: 246 (20) |
|
Qingyuan 2012 [35] |
40 | NPPV | COT |
1.Moratlity (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
ALI (immunocompromised patients [30%]) |
NPPV: 44 (14) COT: 49 (14) |
NPPV: 225 (17) COT: 234 (27) |
|
Elena 2013 [37] |
80 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation |
AHRF (pneumonia [100%]) |
NA | NA |
|
Brambilla 2014 [52] |
81 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | Pneumonia [100%] |
NPPV: 65 (16) COT: 70 (16) |
NPPV: 134 (32) COT: 148 (44) |
| Azevedo 2015 [47] | 30 | NPPV | HFNC | 1. Intubation |
AHRF (CHF [43%]) |
NA | NA |
|
Frat 2015 [9] |
313 | NPPV/HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (CAP [62.9%]) |
NPPV: 61 (17) HFNC: 61 (16) COT: 59 (17) |
NPPV: 149 (72) HFNC: 157 (89) COT: 161 (73) |
|
Lemiale 2015 (1) [43] |
374 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (28 days) 2. Intubation |
Pneumonia (immunocompromised patients [100%]) |
NPPV: 61 [52–70]a COT: 64 [53–72]a |
NPPV: 156 [95–248]a COT: 130 [86–205]a |
|
Lemiale 2015 (2) [42] |
100 | HFNC | COT | 1. Intubation |
AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) |
HFNC: 59 [43–70]a COT: 65 [53–72]a |
NA |
|
Frat 2016 [58] |
86 | NPPV/HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) |
Total: 62 [48–74] | Total: 148 (58) |
|
Jones 2016 [45] |
303 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (COPD [23.9%]) |
HFNC: 75 (16) COT: 72 (17) |
NA |
|
Makdee 2017 [40] |
128 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (7 days) 2. Intubation |
CPE |
HFNC: 70 (16) COT: 71 (14) |
NA |
|
Azoulay 2018 [50] |
778 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (28 days) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) |
HFNC: 64 [55–70]a COT: 63 [56–71]a |
HFNC: 136 [96–187]a COT: 128 [92–164]a |
|
Doshi 2018 [57] |
228 | NPPV | HFNC | 1. Intubation |
AHRF (COPD exacerbation [26.0%]) |
NPPV: 63 (15) HFNC: 63 (14) |
NA |
|
Eman 2018 [48] |
70 | NPPV | HFNC |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (interstitial lung disease [100%]) |
NPPV: 61 (12) HFNC: 61 (12) |
NPPV: 166 (42) HFNC: 178 (55) |
|
Hangyong 2019 [59] |
200 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (pneumonia [100%]) |
NPPV: 53 (18) COT: 56 (18) |
NPPV: 232 (35) COT: 231 (28) |
|
Andino 2020 [60] |
46 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation |
AHRF (pneumonia [62%]) |
HFNC: 58 (19) COT: 61 (11) |
HFNC: 96 (29) COT: 95 (37) |
AHRF Acute hypoxic respiratory failure; ALI Acute lung injury; ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAP Community-acquired pneumonia; CHF Congestive heart failure; COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COT Conventional oxygen therapy; CPE Cardiogenic pulmonary edema; HFNC High-flow nasal cannula; ICU Intensive care unit; NPPV Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
Continuous data were shown as mean and standard deviation, except for data labeled with “a”.
a Data were reported as median and IQR (interquartile range).