Histological findings from three representative cases. Case 1 (A–F), Case 2 (H–M), and Case 4 (O–T). Micrographs from approximately the same regions of (A, H and O) Iba1 (microglia), (B, I and P) GFAP (astrocytes), (C, J and Q) Luxol fast blue (myelin), (D, K and R) MBP (myelin), (E, L and S) haematoxylin and eosin. [F(i), M(i) and T(i)] Original APP images, [F(ii), M(ii) and T(ii)], which are deconvolved to obtain the APP density, in F(iii), M(iii) and T(iii). Scale bar = 200 µm in all micrographs and 5 mm in the whole-mount corpus collosum APP images in G, N and U. Case 1 survived 3 days post TBI and presented reactive microglia (A), astrogliosis (B), no apparent myelin loss (C and D), and TAI APP lesions (F). Case 2 survived 26 days post TBI and presented reactive microglia (H), very sparse astrogliosis (I), no apparent myelin loss (J and K), and TAI APP lesions (M). Case 4 survived 16 h post TBI and did not present any glial reactivity (O and P), no apparent myelin loss (Q and R), but did present TAI APP lesions (T).