Table 1.
Details of the selected studies exploring the association between oral health, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease
| Author’ name | Study type | Study sample | Participant’s age (in years) | Conditions observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gao et al.,[13] 2020 | Cross-sectional study |
n=228 Males=48, females=180, cases=129, controls=99 |
Mean age 80.2 | Dementia, DMFT, periodontal disease, oral hygiene |
| Lee et al.,[24] 2019 | Cross-sectional study |
n=57,277 Males=22,189, females=35,088 |
Age: □65 | Dementia, oral health, periodontitis, prosthesis |
| Yoo et al.,[18] 2019 | Cohort study |
n=209,806 Males=80, females=143, cases=104,903, controls=104,903 |
Median age Cases=68.5 Controls=66.5 |
Dementia, tooth loss |
| Alessandro et al.,[17] 2018 | Cross-sectional comparative study |
n=223 Males=80, females=143, cases=120, controls=103 |
Mean age Cases=79.1 Controls=77.68 |
Alzheimer’s disease, tooth loss, DMFT, periodontal disease |
| Ranjan et al.,[16] 2018 | Cross-sectional study |
n=300 Males=185, females=115 |
50-80 | Dementia, tooth loss |
| Holmer et al.,[9] 2018 | Case-control study |
n=230 Males=105, females=125, cases=154, controls=76 |
Median age Cases=70 Controls=67 |
Periodontitis, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment |
| Aragón et al.,[8] 2018 | Case-control study |
n=106 70 AD patients, 36 controls, females=54% |
Mean age AD cases 77.4±10.6, controls=62.6±7.1 | Alzheimer’s disease, oral health, tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal disease, saliva |
| Maurer et al.,[28] 2018 | Cross-sectional study |
n=20 Males=15, females=5 |
Age≥55 | Dental health, AD |
| Sochocka et al.,[30] 2017 | Cross-sectional study |
n=128 Males=45, females=83 |
Age range 55-90, median age70 | Cognitive impairment, periodontal disease, dementia, systemic inflammation, cytokines, AD |
| Chen et al.,[21] 2017 | Retrospective cohort study |
n=27963 Males=14,844, females=13,119 |
Age 50-70 | Chronic periodontitis, AD |
| Campos et al.,[26] 2017 | Case-control study |
n=16 Cases=11, controls=5 |
Mean age 76.7±6.3 | Full or partial edentulousness, chewing disability, cognitive function |
| Cestari et al.,[11] 2016 | Case-control study |
n=65 Males=28, female=42 (25 with AD, 19 with MCI, and 21 controls) |
Mean age 75.33±5.75 | AD, IL-6, inflammation, mild cognitive impairment, oral infection, periodontitis |
| Ide et al.,[20] 2016 | Cohort study | n=59 | Mean age 77.7±8.6 | Number of teeth, dental plaque, periodontitis, cognitive function, AD, inflammatory biomarkers |
| Chu et al.,[12] 2015 | Case-control study | n=118 (59 with dementia and 59 control) | Mean age 79.8±7.4 | Oral health, dementia toothbrushing habits, unstimulated salivary flow rates |
| Elsig et al.,[19] 2015 | Cross-sectional study |
n=51 Males=12, females=39 |
Mean age 82.5 | Chewing efficiency, tooth loss, cognitive impairment, dementia |
| Okamoto et al.,[15] 2017 | Cohort study | n=2335 | Mean age 71 | Tooth loss, mild memory impairment |
| Martande et al.,[10] 2014 | Cross-sectional study |
n=118 Males=52, female=66 |
Mean age 65.2±7.3 | AD, dementia, chronic periodontitis, oral health |
| Naorungroj et al.,[25] 2013 | Cross-sectional study | n=5942 | Age range 45-65 | Oral health measures, cognitive function |
| Cicciù et al.,[23] 2013 | Cross-sectional study |
n=158 with AD male=57, female=101 |
Age range 65-87 | AD, DMFT, periodontal disease, OHIP-14 |
| Kamer et al.,[22] 2012 | Cross-sectional study | n=38 | Age 70 | Periodontal inflammation, AD, tooth loss |
| Sparks Stein et al.,[29] 2012 | Cohort study |
n=158 Males=75, female=83 |
Mean age 70 | AD, antibodies, periodontal bacteria; periodontal disease; mild cognitive impairment |
| Ribeiro et al.,[14] 2012 | Cross-sectional study | n=60 | Mean age 79.13±5.59 | AD, GOHAI index, DMFT, OHI index, prosthesis |
DMFT-Decayed, missing, and filled teeth; GOHAI-General Oral Health Assessment Index; OHI-Oral hygiene index; AD-Alzheimer’s disease; OHIP-Oral health impact profile; MCI-Mildly cognitively impaired; IL-6-Interleukin-6; n-number of study sample