Table 1.
Sample demographics, overall and by infant race/ethnicity.
| Infant Characteristics | Overall (N = 394) | NH White (N = 158) | Hispanic (N = 131) | Black (N = 44) | Asian’ (N = 60) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.65 | |||||
| Male | 193 (49) | 81 (51) | 58 (44) | 22 (50) | 31 (52) | |
| Female | 201 (51) | 77 (49) | 73 (56) | 22 (50) | 29 (48) | |
| Gestation duration’’ (weeks) | 39.5 (1.0) | 39.7 (1.0) | 39.5 (1.0) | 39.1 (1.1) | 39.5 (1.1) | <0.01 |
| Birthweight’’ (lbs) | 7.4 (0.9) | 7.6 (1.0) | 7.5 (0.9) | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.1 (0.8) | <0.01 |
| Breastfeeding at 1-month | 0.02 | |||||
| Exclusive | 172 (43) | 100 (63) | 31 (24) | 14 (32) | 26 (43) | |
| Partial | 180 (46) | 48 (31) | 81 (62) | 21 (48) | 30 (50) | |
| None | 42 (11) | 10 (6) | 19 (14) | 9 (20) | 4 (7) | |
| Breastfeeding at 6-months’’’ | <0.01 | |||||
| Exclusive | 112 (36) | 54 (43) | 26 (26) | 9 (28) | 22 (47) | |
| Partial | 90 (29) | 41 (32) | 26 (26) | 8 (25) | 15 (32) | |
| None | 104 (34) | 32 (25) | 47 (48) | 15 (47) | 10 (21) | |
| Mother Characteristics | ||||||
| U.S. Born | 182 (46) | 121 (76) | 30 (23) | 15 (34) | 16 (27) | <0.01 |
| Preferred Language | <0.01 | |||||
| English | 306 (78) | 155 (98) | 56 (43) | 38 (86) | 56 (93) | |
| Other | 88 (22) | 3 (2) | 75 (57) | 6 (14) | 4 (7) | |
| Marital Status | <0.01 | |||||
| Married | 306 (78) | 147 (93) | 75 (57) | 28 (64) | 55 (91) | |
| Not married, living together | 60 (15) | 10 (6) | 38 (29) | 8 (18) | 4 (7) | |
| Not married, living separate | 27 (7) | 1 (1) | 18 (14) | 7 (16) | 1 (2) | |
| Number of Children | <0.01 | |||||
| 1 | 198 (50) | 93 (59) | 55 (42) | 15 (34) | 35 (58) | |
| 2 | 141 (36) | 53 (33) | 43 (33) | 21 (48) | 24 (40) | |
| 3+ | 55 (14) | 12 (8) | 33 (25) | 8 (18) | 1 (2) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | <0.01 | |||||
| <18.5 (Underweight) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | |
| 18.5–24.9 (Healthy weight) | 221 (57) | 116 (74) | 45 (35) | 16 (38) | 44 (74) | |
| 25–29.9 (Overweight) | 75 (19) | 23 (15) | 34 (26) | 10 (24) | 7 (12) | |
| >30 (Obese) | 85 (22) | 17 (11) | 48 (37) | 16 (38) | 4 (7) | |
| Past Year Employment Status | <0.01 | |||||
| Full-time | 246 (63) | 120 (76) | 63 (48) | 20 (45) | 42 (70) | |
| Part-time | 67 (17) | 25 (16) | 27 (21) | 9 (20) | 6 (10) | |
| Not employed | 72 (18) | 11 (7) | 38 (29) | 13 (30) | 10 (17) | |
| Student | 9 (2) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | 2 (5) | 2 (3) | |
| Highest Level of Education | <0.01 | |||||
| <Bachelor's degree | 128 (33) | 13 (8) | 86 (66) | 26 (60) | 2 (3) | |
| Bachelor's degree | 95 (24) | 47 (30) | 26 (20) | 9 (20) | 13 (22) | |
| Graduate degree | 171 (43) | 98 (62) | 19 (14) | 9 (20) | 45 (75) | |
| Annual Household Income | <0.01 | |||||
| <$30k | 81 (21) | 5 (3) | 53 (42) | 16 (38) | 7 (12) | |
| $30–80k | 79 (21) | 18 (12) | 41 (32) | 14 (33) | 5 (9) | |
| $80–200k | 121 (31) | 61 (39) | 25 (20) | 10 (24) | 25 (43) | |
| >$200k | 102 (27) | 71 (46) | 8 (6) | 2 (5) | 21 (36) | |
NH: Non-Hispanic; ‘: 3 also identified as American Indian or Alaskan Native, and another as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; ‘’: mean (SD) presented, as opposed to N (%); ‘’’; percent denominators include only those with six-month data; multiracial infants were categorized using the rarest group method; 1 mother refused/didn't know her infant's race/ethnicity; marital status was missing for one mother, pre-pregnancy BMI was missing for 7, and annual household income was missing for 11; p-value is for race/ethnicity joint hypothesis test comparing non-Hispanic white infants to Hispanic, Black, and Asian infants.