Table 3.
Multivariable adjusted associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics with sleep duration at one-month.
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Duration | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | P = 0.39 | P = 0.57 | P = 0.51 | |
| Hispanic | −0.40 (−1.01, 0.22) | −0.39 (−1.02, 0.23) | 1–0.11 (−0.89, 0.66) | −0.02 (−0.80, 0.76) |
| Black | 0.13 (−0.76, 1.01) | 0.16 (−0.75, 1.07) | 0.49 (−0.51, 1.49) | 0.67 (−0.34, 1.68) |
| Asian | 0.17 (−0.62, 0.96) | 0.22 (−0.58, 1.02) | 0.30 (−0.52, 1.12) | 0.22 (−0.61, 1.06) |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| <College graduate | −0.30 (−0.97, 0.37) | 0.36 (−0.49, 1.21) | 0.32 (−0.54, 1.18) | |
| Income <$80k | −0.69 (−1.23, −0.14) | −0.78 (−1.50, −0.07) | −0.90 (−1.62, −1.65) | |
| Sleep Continuity | ||||
| Night wakings | 0.12 (−0.12, 0.37) | 0.24 (−0.05, 0.53) | ||
| Longest stretch | 0.20 (−0.02, 0.41) | 0.39 (0.11, 0.67) | ||
| Night Duration | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | P = 0.03 | P = 0.17 | P = 0.08 | |
| Hispanic | −0.43 (−0.79, −0.08) | −0.44 (−0.80, −0.08) | −0.40 (−0.85, 0.05) | −0.41 (−0.85, 0.02) |
| Black | −0.25 (−0.77, 0.26) | −0.22 (−0.75, 0.30) | −0.10 (−0.68, 0.48) | 0.11 (−0.46, 0.68) |
| Asian | 0.14 (−0.32, 0.59) | 0.19 (−0.28, 0.65) | 0.20 (−0.28, 0.67) | 0.21 (−0.26, 0.68) |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| <College graduate | −0.14 (−0.52, 0.25) | 0.33 (−0.17, 0.82) | 0.25 (−0.23, 0.73) | |
| Income <$80k | −0.38 (−0.70, −0.07) | −0.31 (−0.72, 0.10) | −0.32 (−0.73, 0.09) | |
| Sleep Continuity | ||||
| Night wakings | −0.11 (−0.25, 0.03) | 0.12 (−0.04, 0.28) | ||
| Longest stretch | 0.33 (0.21, 0.45) | 0.45 (0.29, 0.61) | ||
| Day Duration | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | P = 0.76 | P = 0.55 | P = 0.50 | |
| Hispanic | 0.00 (−0.46, 0.47) | 0.02 (−0.45, 0.49) | 2 0.24 (−0.34, 0.82) | 0.34 (−0.25, 0.92) |
| Black | 0.36 (−0.32, 1.03) | 0.36 (−0.33, 1.04) | 0.55 (−0.20, 1.30) | 0.51 (−0.24, 1.27) |
| Asian | 0.01 (−0.59, 0.61) | 0.00 (−0.60, 0.61) | 0.06 (−0.55, 0.68) | −0.02 (−0.64, 0.61) |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| <College graduate | −0.17 (−0.68, 0.33) | 0.02 (−0.62, 0.67) | 0.06 (−0.58, 0.71) | |
| Income <$80k | −0.29 (−0.70, 0.11) | −0.43 (−0.97, 0.11) | −0.54 (−1.09, 0.01) | |
| Sleep Continuity | ||||
| Night wakings | 0.22 (0.04, 0.40) | 0.11 (−0.11, 0.33) | ||
| Longest stretch | −0.13 (−0.29, 0.04) | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.16) | ||
β [95% CI]; Model 1 adjusts for sex, gestational length, birthweight, and breastfeeding status; Model 2 additionally adjusts for socioeconomic status (maternal education and annual household income), and Model 3 additionally adjusts for sleep continuity (number of night wakings and longest stretch of sleep); referent groups for race/ethnicity is non-Hispanic white, for education is college graduate, and for annual household income is $80k+. p-value is for race/ethnicity joint hypothesis test for linear trend.