Table 4.
Prevalence of sleep disturbances.
| Variable | N (%) |
|---|---|
| 0–3 years of age (N = 350) | |
| Abnormal BISQ | 70 (20.0) |
| More than 3 nocturnal awakenings | 28 (8.0) |
| Nocturnal wakefulness >1 h | 40 (11.4) |
| Total sleep time <9 h |
23 (6.6) |
| 4–12 years of age (N = 450) | |
| Abnormal SDSC | 104 (23.0) |
| Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep | 102 (22.7) |
| Sleep breathing disorders | 77 (17.1) |
| Disorders of arousal | 47 (10.4) |
| Sleep–wake transition disorders | 83 (18.4) |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | 42 (9.3) |
| Sleep hyperhidrosis |
41 (9.1) |
| 13–19 years of age (N = 380) | |
| Abnormal ESS | 106 (27.9) |
| Mild daytime sleepiness | 201 (52.9) |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | 106 (27.9) |
| Abnormal PSQI | 33 (8.7) |
| Poor sleep quality | 82 (21.6) |
| Poor sleep latency | 132 (34.7) |
| Poor sleep duration | 41 (10.8) |
| Poor sleep efficiency | 26 (6.8) |
| Difficulty falling asleep | 70 (18.4) |
| Use of sleeping medication | 10 (2.6) |
| Daytime dysfunction | 113 (29.7) |
| Total sleep disturbances: adolescents | 127 (33.4) |
| Total sleep disturbances: total sample | 300 (25.5) |
BISQ, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDSC, Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children.