Table 3.
Perinatal and neonatal data of the study participants.
| All patients (n = 1,347) |
IVF patients: N = 74 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVF pregnancies (n = 74) | Spontaneous pregnancies (n = 1,273) | Adjusted P value | aOR (95% CI) | Own oocyte N = 38 | Donor oocytes N = 36 | Adjusted P value | |
| Perinatal outcomes | |||||||
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks + days; mean/range) | 38+1 (26–41) | 38+5 (23–42) | .152 b | 38+6 (26–41) | 37+2 (27–41) | .013 a,b | |
| Onset of labor | |||||||
| Programmed C-section | 10 (13.5) | 132 (10.4) | 6 (15.8) | 4 (11.1) | |||
| Spontaneous | 23 (31.1) | 676 (53.1) | .227 c | 13 (34.2) | 10 (27.8) | .514 c | |
| Induced | 41 (55.4) | 465 (36.5) | .321 c | 19 (50.0) | 22 (61.1) | .161 c | |
| Type of delivery | |||||||
| Vaginal | 20 (27.0) | 812 (63.8) | 10 (26.3) | 10 (27.8) | |||
| Operative vaginal | 13 (17.6) | 129 (10.1) | <.001 a,d | 3.89 (1.83–8.26) | 9 (23.7) | 4 (11.1) | .197 d |
| Cesarean | 41 (55.4) | 332 (26.1) | <.001 a,d | 4.25 (2.40–7.54) | 19 (50.0) | 22 (61.1) | .499 d |
| Reason for Cesarean | |||||||
| Before labor e | 9/41 (22.0) | 115/332 (34.6) | 6/19 (31.6) | 3/22 (16.3) | |||
| Induction failure | 23/41 (56.1) | 107/332 (32.2) | 8/19 (42.1) | 15/22 (68.2) | |||
| During 1st and 2nd stage of labor | 6/41 (14.6) | 86/332 (25.9) | 5/19 (26.39) | 1/22 (4.5) | |||
| Severe COVID-19 | 3/41 (7.3) | 24/332 (7.2) | 0/19 (0.0) | 3/22 (13.6) | |||
| Preterm deliveries (<37 weeks of gestational age) | 12 (16.2) | 137 (10.8) | .221 | 2 (5.3) | 10 (27.8) | .004a | |
| Spontaneous delivery | 6/12 (50.0) | 72/137 (52.6) | 2/2 (100.0) | 4/10 (40.0) | |||
| Iatrogenic delivery | 6/12 (50.0) | 65/137 (47.4) | 0/2 (0.0) | 6/10 (60.0) | |||
| PROM | 15 (20.3) | 194 (15.2) | .534 | 8 (21.1) | 7 (19.4) | .517 | |
| PPROM | 4 (5.4) | 33 (2.6) | .424 | 1 (2.6) | 3 (8.3) | .132 | |
| Medical complications | |||||||
| Thromboembolic events: | 2 (2.7) | 12 (0.9) | .354 | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.8) | .970 | |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 2 (2.7) | 5 (0.4) | .129 | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.8) | .970 | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 (1.4) | 9 (0.7) | .624 | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | .998 | |
| Admitted to ICU f | 6 (8.1) | 30 (2.4) | .014a | 3.62 (1.20–9.69) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (13.9) | .114 |
| Invasive ventilation | 3 (4.1) | 14 (1.1) | .021a | 5.64 (1.11–23.14) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.3) | .996 |
| Obstetric complications | |||||||
| Hemorrhagic events | 5 (6.8) | 66 (5.2) | .879 | 3 (7.9) | 2 (5.6) | .233 | |
| Abruptio placentae | 0 (0.0) | 12 (0.9) | .991 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 5 (6.8) | 56 (4.4) | .768 | 3 (7.9) | 2 (5.6) | .233 | |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 2 (2.7) | 2 (0.2) | .048a | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.6) | .997 | |
| Gestational hypertensive disorders | 12 (16.2) | 57 (4.5) | <.001a | 5.31 (2.45–10.93) | 4 (10.5) | 8 (22.2) | .060 |
| Moderate preeclampsia | 8 (10.8) | 33 (2.6) | <.001a | 5.90 (2.27–14.14) | 4 (10.5) | 4 (11.1) | .353 |
| Severe preeclampsia | 4 (5.4) | 24 (1.9) | .030a | 3.72 (1.00–11.30) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (11.1) | .996 |
| Stillbirth | 0 (0.0) | 10 (0.8) | .991 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | |
| Maternal mortality | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | .998 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | |
| Neonatal data | |||||||
| Apgar 5 score <7 | 1 (1.4) | 12/1,253 (1.0) | .554 | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | .998 | |
| Umbilical artery pH <7.10 | 1 (1.8) | 33/1,018 (3.2) | .532 | 1/29 (3.4) | 0/28 (0.0) | .998 | |
| Admitted in NICU | 10 (13.5) | 127 (10.0) | .289 | 3 (7.9) | 7 (19.4) | .417 | |
| Neonatal mortality | 1 (1.4) | 5 (0.4) | .050 | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | .998 | |
Note: Data shown as number (percentage of total) unless otherwise indicated. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ICU = intensive care unit; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; IVF = in vitro fertilization; PPROM = preterm prelabor rupture of membranes; PROM = prelabor rupture of membranes.
Statistically significant differences, adjusted odds ratio (aOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated, controlling for maternal age and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (asymptomatic and symptomatic).
Linear regression model.
Multinomial logistic regression model, reference category is “programmed C-section”.
Multinomial logistic regression model, reference category is “vaginal delivery”.
Programmed C-section and mother election.
Before or after delivery.