Table 2.
Patients’ Status and the Treatments They Received in the Entire Hospitalization Period
| Characteristics | Total(n=186) | BCG vaccination(n=85) | Non-BCG vaccination(n=101) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severity level of pneumonia, n (%) | 0.028* | |||
| 1=Mild | 12 (6.452) | 8 (9.412) | 4 (3.960) | |
| 2=Moderate | 96 (51.613) | 47 (55.294) | 49 (48.515) | |
| 3=Severe | 71 (38.172) | 29 (34.118) | 42 (41.584) | |
| 4=Critical | 7 (3.763) | 1 (1.176) | 6 (5.941) | |
| Oxygen demand for breathing, n (%) | 0.265 | |||
| Not requiring supplemental oxygen | 68 (36.559) | 33 (38.824) | 35 (34.653) | |
| Requiring LFNC supplemental oxygen | 55 (29.570) | 28 (32.941) | 27 (26.733) | |
| Requiring HFNC or NIMV | 51 (27.419) | 19 (22.353) | 32 (31.683) | |
| Requiring ECMO, IMV, or both | 12 (6.452) | 5 (5.882) | 7 (6.931) | |
| CT results | ||||
| Ground-glass image in the lung, n (%) | 174 (93.548) | 79 (92.941) | 95 (94.059) | 0.774 |
| Number of affected lung lobes, median (IQR), n | 3.44 (2,5) | 3.38 (2.5,5) | 3.51 (3,5) | 0.317 |
| Patch, stripe shadow, n (%) | 86 (46.237) | 40 (47.059) | 46 (45.545) | 0.836 |
| Pleural adhesion, thickening, or effusion, n (%) | 24 (12.903) | 11 (12.941) | 13 (12.871) | 1 |
| Others,an (%) | 17 (9.140) | 6 (7.059) | 11 (10.891) | 0.391 |
| Laboratory test results, n (%) | ||||
| White-cell count <4 × 10−9/L | 38 (20.430) | 19 (22.353) | 19 (18.812) | 0.502 |
| Lymphocyte count <1.0 × 10−9/L | 88 (47.312) | 39 (45.882) | 49 (48.515) | 0.827 |
| Hypersensitive −CRP>5 mg/L | 105 (56.452) | 47 (55.294) | 58 (57.426) | 0.901 |
| ALT (male >50 U/L, female >40 U/L) | 74 (39.785) | 24 (28.235) | 50 (49.505) | 0.005⁎⁎ |
| AST (male >40 U/L, female >35 U/L) | 62 (33.333) | 21 (24.706) | 41 (40.594) | 0.029* |
| LDH >245 U/L | 85 (45.699) | 32 (37.647) | 53 (52.475) | 0.059 |
| Mass creatine kinase MB isoenzyme >5.86 ng/mL | 10 (5.376) | 3 (3.529) | 7 (6.931) | 0.516 |
| Myoglobin increase >100 ng/mL | 14 (7.527) | 4 (4.706) | 10 (9.901) | 0.267 |
| Troponin I >0.1 ng/mL | 14 (7.527) | 5 (5.882) | 9 (8.911) | 0.460 |
| ESR (male >15 mm/h, female >20 mm/h) | 143 (76.882) | 63 (74.118) | 80 (79.208) | 0.581 |
| Procalcitonin >0.25 ng/mL | 21 (11.90) | 7 (8.235%) | 14 (13.861) | 0.248 |
| D-dimer >0.5 mg/L | 75 (40.323) | 33 (38.824) | 42 (41.584) | 0.794 |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| Using interferon | 126 (67.742) | 60 (70.588) | 66 (65.347) | 0.329 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 28 (15.054) | 10 (11.765) | 18 (17.822) | 0.276 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 12 (6.452) | 5 (5.882) | 7 (6.931) | 0.801 |
| ECMO | 4 (2.151) | 2 (2.353) | 2 (1.980) | 1 |
| Antibiotic agent | 103 (55.376) | 46 (54.118) | 57 (56.436) | 0.878 |
| Glucocorticoid therapy | 81 (43.548) | 32 (37.647) | 49 (48.515) | 0.173 |
| Outcome after treatments | ||||
| Days of recovered,b median (IQR) | 16.2 (13‒22) | 15.5 (12‒21) | 0.317 | |
| Recovered rate, n (%) | 94 | 90 | 0.297 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p<0.05; ⁎⁎p<0.01).
Others: bronchial inflation sign, enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, and pericardial effusion.
Recovered means no pathologic symptoms and also that viral nucleic acid test, conducted twice, was negative.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BCG, Bacille Calmette-Guerin; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LFNC, low-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; MB, muscle and brain; NIMV, noninvasive mechanical ventilation.