Fig. 3.

Localization and topology of flavivirus structural and NS proteins. Flavivirus genomic RNA is translated into a multitransmembrane polyprotein precursor on the ER and then cleaved into ten individual proteins by viral and host proteases, including three structural proteins (capsid (C), prM and E) and seven NS proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). NS1 is located in the ER lumen. Capsid, NS3 and NS5 localize in the cytoplasm (some capsid and NS5 are transported into the nucleus). Other viral structural proteins and NS proteins are ER membrane-anchored proteins