Table 3.
Comparison of the Effects of Bisphenols on Phenotypic Parameters in C18-4, MA-10, and KGN Cells Using Benchmark Concentration (BMC) Analyses and AED Estimation
| Phenotypic Parameter | Chemical | Cell Line | BMR = 10% (BMC; BMCL; BMCU) | AED (AED; AEDL; AEDU) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcein | BPA | C18-4 | 39.2 (26.1–78.7) | 2.9 (1.9–5.7) | ||
| BPM | KGN | 7.0 (5.6–9.3) | 1.6 (1.3–2.2) | |||
| Lysosome | BPA | MA-10 | 4.1 (1.9–9.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | ||
| BPAF | MA-10 | 9.8 (7.9–13.3) | 1.8 (1.4- 2.38) | |||
| KGN | 6.0 (4.4–8.9) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | ||||
| BPM | KGN | 6.0 (4.2–9.5) | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | |||
| BPTMC | KGN | 9.4 (6.4–16.0) | 0.5 (0.4–0.9) | |||
| Total mitochondria | BPA | C18-4 | 1.2 (N/A*–10.3) | 0.09 (N/A*–0.75) | ||
| No. of lipid droplets | BPA | KGN | 71.1 (51.0–96.8) | 5.2 (3.7–7.0) | ||
| BPF | C18-4 | 70.2 (56.2–81.2) | 6.0 (4.8–6.9) | |||
| KGN | 77.5 (59.8–91.3) | 6.6 (5.1–7.8) | ||||
| BPM | KGN | 11.1 (9.3–14.4) | 2.6 (2.2–3.4) | |||
| BPTMC | MA-10 | 3.0 (2.4–4.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | |||
|
Lipid droplet area |
BPA | KGN | 62.4 (45.3–95.4) | 4.5 (3.3–6.9) | ||
| BPF | C18-4 | 96.5 (73.1–98.8) | 8.3 (6.3–8.5) | |||
| KGN | 78.0 (55.9–97.5) | 6.7 (4.8–8.3) | ||||
| BPM | KGN | 10.2 (8.4–13.2) | 2.4 (2.0- 3.1) | |||
| BPTMC | MA-10 | 3.6 (2.8–4.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | |||
| KGN | 17.7 (14.2–21.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | ||||
| Oxidative stress | BPA | MA-10 | 44.2 (35.3–52.6) | 3.2 (2.6–3.8) | ||
| BPM | KGN | 10.4 (7.6–16.3) | 2.4 (1.8–3.8) | |||
BMCL, benchmark concentration lower limit; BMCU, benchmark concentration upper limit; benchmark concentrations are expressed in μM. AEDL, administered equivalent dose lower limit; AEDU, administered equivalent dose upper; AED values are expressed as mg/kg bw/day.
∗N/ A: the estimated BMC value was below the lowest concentration tested.